1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Biochemische, enzymatische und mechanische Optimierung von Wirkstoffkandidaten und Wirkstoffverabreichung für entzündungsbedingte Krankheiten
No full textInflammatory diseases are still a major burden for patients and society even with new and improved therapies entering the market. Treatment strategies for inflammatory diseases are often a trade-off between effectiveness and undesirable side-effects and even small enhancements of options can lead to significantly improved outcomes for patients. This work is focused on the drug design of novel treatment strategies for inflammatory diseases and conditions deploying a broad toolbox of genetic, chemical and enzymatic methods, knowledge from material sciences and pharmaceutical technology. Especially the underlying characteristics in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and tendinopathies are leveraged for the mechanism of action of the developments presented within this work.
Chapter I discusses the design of a novel transdermal delivery system aiming for the safe, local and efficient delivery of carbon monoxide (CO) to joints to make the promising anti-inflammatory and disease modifying effects of CO available for the use in tendinopathies. The presented device was able to release CO over an extended period of time and deliver CO through pig ear skin biopsies. Additionally, polarization of monocytes towards anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages was shown in in vitro experiments.
Chapter II and III discuss the modification of the cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) with genetic, chemical and enzymatic methods to reduce side-effects due to pleiotropic activity of IL-4 in systemic applications and enable further investigational studies for the treatment of RA. Chapter II combined IL-4 with fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) to increase targeting and efficacy. In vitro experiments confirmed the successful combination of both APIs with wild-type like activity at the respective target structures. Chapter III integrated decafluoroazobenzene (DFAB) as a photoswitch into the A-chain of IL-4 and analyzed the potential to alter the secondary structure of the peptide chain by light as a basis for the development of on/off switchable IL-4 therapies.
Chapter IV details a cost-effective way for the sterilization of alginate without compromising printability for the use in biofabrication applications or for the design of novel 3D printed drug loaded hydrogel based drug delivery systems.
Subsequently the results of the chapters are framed within an overarching discussion section positioning the results within the research area, discussing experimental limitations and detailing what needs to be accomplished in future studies to further advance highlighted enhancements.Selbst angesichts neuer und verbesserter Therapien auf dem Markt sind entzündliche Erkrankungen weiterhin eine große Belastung für Patienten und die Gesellschaft. Behandlungsmethoden für entzündliche Erkrankungen stellen oft einen Kompromiss zwischen Wirksamkeit und unterwünschten Nebenwirkungen dar. Alternative Behandlungsmethoden können zu erheblich verbesserten Behandlungsresultaten führen. Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt auf dem Design von neuen Behandlungsstrategien für entzündliche Krankheiten und Entzündungen unter dem Einsatz eines breiten Werkzeugkastens an genetischen, chemischen und enzymatischen Methoden, sowie Wissen aus Materialwissenschaften und pharmazeutischer Technologie. Insbesondere die zugrundeliegenden Charakteristiken von Krankheiten wie rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) und Tendinopathien werden für den Wirkmechanismus der in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Entwicklungen genutzt.
Kapitel I befasst sich mit dem Design eines neuen transdermalen Systems, um Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) sicher, lokal und effizient zu den Gelenken zu bringen, um die vielversprechenden entzündungshemmenden und krankheitsmodifizierenden Wirkungen von CO für Tendinopathien einsetzbar zu machen. Das hier gezeigte System konnte über einen erweiterten Zeitraum CO freisetzten und durch Schweineohrbiopsien transportieren. Außerdem konnte eine Polarisation von Monozyten zu entzündungshemmenden M2 Makrophagen in in vitro-Experimenten gezeigt werden.
Kapitel II und Kapitel III beschäftigen sich mit der Modifizierung des Zytokins Interleukin-4 (IL 4) mit genetischen, chemischen und enzymatischen Methoden um Nebenwirkungen durch pleiotrope Aktivität des IL-4 in systemischen Anwendungen zu reduzieren und um weitere experimentelle Studien zur Behandlung von RA zu ermöglichen. In Kapitel II wurde IL-4 mit Fibroblasten-Aktivierungs-Protein-Inhibitor (FAPI) kombiniert, um Targeting und Wirksamkeit zu erhöhen. In vitro-Experimente konnten die erfolgreiche Kombination der beiden Wirkstoffe, mit wildtypischer Aktivität an den entsprechenden Zielstrukturen zeigen. In Kapitel III wurde Decafluorazobenzol (DFAB) als Photoswitch in die A-Kette von IL-4 eingebracht und das Potenzial zur Veränderung der Sekundärstruktur der Peptidkette durch Licht analysiert, um als Basis zur Entwicklung von ein/ausschaltbaren IL-4 Therapien genutzt werden zu können.
Kapitel IV zeigt eine kosteneffiziente Art um Alginat für den Einsatz in Biofabrikationsanwendungen oder zum Design von neuen 3D gedruckten, wirkstoffbeladenen Hydrogel-Wirkstoff-Systemen zu sterilisieren, ohne die Druckbarkeit zu gefährden.
Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse der Kapitel in einem übergreifenden Diskussionsteil beleuchtet, um diese innerhalb des Forschungsbereiches einzuordnen, experimentelle Grenzen zu diskutieren und darzulegen, was in künftigen Studien unternommen werden kann, um die aufgezeigten Fortschritte weiter voranzutreiben
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
