1,721,015 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Perceived research needs for Battery and Hydrogen Safety : A Nordic Perspective
Full text linkChanges in the energy landscape relating both to the ambitions of a green energy transformation as well as increasing global security concerns, have led to increased attention to new energy carriers. These can serve the role of allowing for the electrification of transport and decarbonization of industries as well as to reduce the effects of variation in many sustainable energy sources such as wind and solar. Many alternatives have been proposed, but two technologies at a reasonably high TRL level are batteries, which already have deep market penetration, and hydrogen, which is seen as a promising alternative for the electrification of heavy transport and the decarbonization of industry. However, as with all technologies, and particularly technologies with large amounts of stored energy, there are safety concerns associated and the very rapid implementation put high demand on standardization and the pre-normative safety research that should underpin it. The challenge is not only to have enough safety research, but also to focus on the most important research questions. The project presented in this report is an attempt to map out some of the most important research areas for both hydrogen and battery safety and prioritize between them with a combination of interviews and a quantitative survey. It should be noted that no mapping of the state-of-the-art has been performed in the scope of the project, so it is likely that several topics already is covered in the literature, making them into a need for research communication rather than for new empirical research. Therefore, such an assessment should be done through research review projects from funding agencies or when researchers develop applications. The results indicate that several important areas for hydrogen safety are related to specific mitigation methods such as safety distance, barriers, pressure relief, and detection, as well as knowledge on the reliability of those measures. When it comes to more fundamental understanding, it was seen as important to understand the overpressure generated by combustion inhomogeneous clouds of hydrogen and delayed ignition of jets. There were also some needs regarding liquid hydrogen. For steel-based materials, most non-researchers seemed to be of the opinion that enough was known while researchers pointed to several specific aspects requiring further investigation. For batteries, more focus should be placed on a fundamental understanding of the consequences of a thermal runaway and, not least, gas explosions. However, in parallel, there is a need to develop research to underpin guidelines on placement in buildings, ventilation, and fire barriers, as well as prevention of the propagation of thermal runaway. There was also a wide range of other specific needs regarding, for example, statistics on BESS fires, transport and storage of damaged batteries as well as solid-state batteries and tactics for BESS. The aspiration of the project is that the prioritized list of 113 specific research needs (61 for hydrogen and 52 for batteries) will be useful for both funding agencies developing research programs as well as for researchers writing applications and in the strategic development of their researc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Measuring the Capabilities of the Swedish Fire Service to Save Lives in Residential Fires
No full textThe ability of the fire service to save lives in building fires has a profound impact on planning. However, very little empirical data are available on how different factors affect this capability—or even how many that are rescued annually. The current paper aims to partly fill this gap with an assessment of all rescues performed by the fire departments in Sweden during 2017. A combination of incident reports and a large number of post-event interviews yielded a total of 51 rescues (to be compared to 88 fatalities) during that year, which show that the fire service has a great potential to reduce the number of fire fatalities. In these cases, the call to the dispatcher most frequently came from a neighbor (55%) or the victim (26%). The rescue was in 71% of the cases performed with interior attack with a breathing apparatus. The cases were also compared with fatal fires revealing that the odds of successful rescue increased, for example, if the fire occurred in an apartment building or if the response time was short. The joint data set of rescues and fatal fires was used to develop a methodology to calculate the probability of successful rescue depending on the capability of the fire service. This methodology provides the first fully empirical method for organizing the fire service in relation to saving lives in fires. A similar approach should be pursued for other accident types and consolidated for an evidence based assessment of the capability of the fire service
Fatal Residential Fires : Prevention and Response
Full text linkFatal fires in residential occupancies show a decreasing trend over time, but are still responsible for takingapproximately 90 lives in Sweden each year. Much is known about the victims, but less is known about how thesedeaths can be prevented. There is research on the effectiveness of different measures, but generally they are populationaverageeffectiveness and, since different groups are known to be subject to quite different scenarios, this effectivenessis not necessarily representative of the effectiveness for any specific group. Therefore, group-specific effectiveness isderived in this thesis. The results indicate that smoke alarms are effective for most groups, but additional measures areneeded for some groups. This is particularly true for older adults, for whom synthetic clothes and detector-activatedsprinklers are highly effective.Also, responses to potentially fatal fires in residential occupancies are almost missing from the literature and weretherefore analysed in the thesis. The conclusion was that fire services saved 51 lives during the studied year (2017),which indicates that the number of fatalities in residential occupancies would have increased by 58% in that yearwithout fire service responses. Response time was found to be important, but also what the crew could perform onarrival at each scene, because many were developed fires that required breathing apparatus to perform the rescue. Inanother study, responses by other actors were also included for older adults (65+), indicating that, in addition to thefire service, neighbours are very important, but for the oldest individuals home care also played an important role
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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