189,426 research outputs found
International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length in the first trimester of pregnancy.
No full textOBJECTIVES: There are no international standards for relating fetal crown-rump length (CRL) to gestational age (GA), and most existing charts have considerable methodological limitations. The INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project aimed to produce the first international standards for early fetal size and ultrasound dating of pregnancy based on CRL measurement.
METHODS: Urban areas in eight geographically diverse countries that met strict eligibility criteria were selected for the prospective, population-based recruitment, between 9 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation, of healthy well-nourished women with singleton pregnancies at low risk of fetal growth impairment. GA was calculated on the basis of a certain last menstrual period, regular menstrual cycle and lack of hormonal medication or breastfeeding in the preceding 2 months. CRL was measured using strict protocols and quality-control measures. All women were followed up throughout pregnancy until delivery and hospital discharge. Cases of neonatal and fetal death, severe pregnancy complications and congenital abnormalities were excluded from the study.
RESULTS: A total of 4607 women were enrolled in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study, one of the three main components of the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project, of whom 4321 had a live singleton birth in the absence of severe maternal conditions or congenital abnormalities detected by ultrasound or at birth. The CRL was measured in 56 women at < 9 + 0 weeks' gestation; these were excluded, resulting in 4265 women who contributed data to the final analysis. The mean CRL and SD increased with GA almost linearly, and their relationship to GA is given by the following two equations (in which GA is in days and CRL in mm): mean CRL = -50.6562 + (0.815118 × GA) + (0.00535302 × GA(2) ); and SD of CRL = -2.21626 + (0.0984894 × GA).
GA estimation is carried out according to the two equations: GA = 40.9041 + (3.21585 × CRL(0.5) ) + (0.348956 × CRL); and SD of GA = 2.39102 + (0.0193474 × CRL).
CONCLUSIONS: We have produced international prescriptive standards for early fetal linear size and ultrasound dating of pregnancy in the first trimester that can be used throughout the world
De Nugis Groebnerialium 6: Rump, Ufnarovski, Zacharias
No full textMoved by a question posed us by Wolfgang Rump, we investigate the Rump ideal I(p(2) - pq + qp) subset of Z q, q(-1), p and we show, this way, the power of Zacharias representation
Association between rump score and course of parturition in cows
No full textAbstract. Analysis was made of the effect of rump angle and rump width, assessed using a 9-point scoring system, on the course of parturition in cows representing the active population in Pomorze and Kujawy regions of Poland. GLM and FREQ procedures of the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. The most frequent score for rump angle was 5 (44 % of all scores) and that for rump width was 6 (30 % of all scores). Human intervention was required for 7 % of calvings, of which dystocia (surgical treatment, injury to the cow or calf, embryotomy) occurred in 0.19 % and caesarean section was performed in 0.11 % of the cases. The course of parturition was affected to a greater extent by rump angle (P<0.01) than by rump width. The largest proportion of difficult parturitions (over 8 %) was noted when the cows that calved received rump angle scores of 1–2 or 8–9 points, while raised rump (1–2 points) increased the proportion of dystocia and caesarean sections. The average score for rump angle in the case of unassisted and easy calvings was 4.95 and 5.02 points, respectively (corresponding to the most desirable, slightly sloping rump), and 4.6 points in the case of dystocia and caesarean sections. A much higher proportion of difficult parturitions and dystocia was also found in cows with too narrow a rump scored as 1–2 points and in those with a wide rump (8–9 points).
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The mean length and rate of growth of the shoulder and rump hair of individual wild boar.
No full text<p>Values are reported as mean ± SD; n = 100 for individuals 1, 2, and 3 (i.e. n = 50 for shoulder and n = 50 for rump); n = 40 for individual 4 (i.e. n = 20 for shoulder and n = 20 for rump).</p><p>The mean length and rate of growth of the shoulder and rump hair of individual wild boar.</p
Twin Pregnancies, Crown-rump Length and Birthweight Discordancy: The Influence of Chorionicity
No full textObjective: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the influence of chorionicity in the biometric parameters crown-rump length (CRL), birthweight (BW), crown-rump length discordancy (CRLD) and birthweight discordancy (BWD), determine the correlation between these latter two in cases of intertwin discordancy, and to analyze the influence of chronicity in the presence of these discordancies with clinical relevance (> 10% and > 15%, respectively).
Methods: The present study was a retrospective study based on the twin pregnancy database of the Centro Hospitalar S. João (2010-2015), including 486 fetuses among 66 monochorionic (MC) and 177 dichorionic gestations (DC). The inclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies with 2 fetuses and healthy twin gestations. The exclusion criteria were trichorionic gestations and pregnancies with inconclusive chorionicity, multiple pregnancy with ≥ 3 fetuses and pathological twin gestations.
Results: No statistically significant difference was found in BW (p = 0.09) and in its discordancy (p = 0.06) nor in CRL (p = 0.48) and its discordancy (p = 0.74) between MCs and DCs. Crown-rump length discordancy and birthweight discordancy were correlated by the regression line "BWD = 0.8864 x CRLD + 0.0743," with r2 = 0.1599. Crown-rump length discordancy > 10% was found in 7.58% of monochorionic and in 13.56% of dichorionic twins. Birthweight discordancy > 15% was detected in 16.67% of monochorionic and in 31.64% of dichorionic twins.
Conclusion: No statistically significant influence of chorionicity was identified in both birthweight and birthweight discordancy, as in crown-rump length and crown-rump length discordancy. Birthweight discordancy was correlated to crown-rump length discordancy in 20% of cases
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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