1,914 research outputs found
A Downwind View of the Cathedral: Using Rule Four to Allocate Wind Rights
No full textThe rapid pace of U.S. wind energy development is generating a growing number of conflicts over competing wind rights. The “wake” of a commercial wind turbine creates turbulence and unsteady wind flow that can reduce the productivity of other wind turbines situated downwind. Existing law is unclear as to whether a landowner who installs a wind turbine on its property is liable for the lost productivity of a downwind neighbor’s turbine resulting from such wake effects. Legal uncertainty as to how competing wind rights are shared among neighbors can induce wind energy developers to abandon otherwise lucrative turbine sites situated near property lines, thus forfeiting valuable wind resources. This paper applies Calabresi and Melamed’s familiar “Cathedral” model to determine which rule regime would best promote the efficient allocation of competing wind rights while maintaining consistency with existing law. Surprisingly, the Cathedral model’s infamous and rarely-applied “Rule Four” seems best-suited for addressing these conflicts
Writers Talk featuring authors Troy Hicks and Elaine Wolf
No full textElaine Wolf, author of Camp, talks to OSU students Erin Reilly-Sanders and Allison Fetzer. Author and teacher Troy Hicks talks to OSU employee Kevin Cordi about the impact of technology on the teaching of writing.The media can be accessed here: http://streaming.osu.edu/knowledgebank/WritersTalk-Audio/WT_2013-3-18-Hicks_Wolf.mp3Ohio State University. Center for the Study and Teaching of Writin
Remarks and observations on the plain of Troy, made during an excursion in June, 1799 /
No full textSignatures: pi⁴ A-G⁴.Errata: p. [2] at end; p. [1] and [3] at end blank.ESTC(RLIN)Mode of access: Internet.Library copy bound with: Description of the plain of Troy : with a map of that region, delineated from an actual survey : read in French before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Feb. 21 and 28 and March 21 1791 / by the author, M. Chevalier. Edinburgh : Printed for T. Cadell, 1791. (90-B15413
Observations upon a treatise, entitled A description of the Plain of Troy, by Monsieur Le Chevalier /
No full textErrata: p. [1] at end.Signatures: [A]1 B-H⁴.Includes bibliographical references.ESTC(RLIN)Mode of access: Internet.Library copy bound with: Description of the plain of Troy : with a map of that region, delineated from an actual survey : read in French before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Feb. 21 and 28 and March 21 1791 / by the author, M. Chevalier. Edinburgh : Printed for T. Cadell, 1791. (90-B15413
Linoleic acid causes greater weight gain than saturated fat without hypothalamic inflammation in the male mouse
No full textA significant change in the Western diet, concurrent with the obesity epidemic, was a substitution of saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated, specifically linoleic acid (LA). Despite increasing investigation on type as well as amount of fat, it is unclear which fatty acids are most obesogenic. The objective of this study was to determine the obesogenic potency of LA vs. saturated fatty acids and the involvement of hypothalamic inflammation. Forty-eight mice were divided into four groups: low-fat or three high-fat diets (HFDs, 45% kcals from fat) with LA comprising 1%, 15% and 22.5% of kilocalories, the balance being saturated fatty acids. Over 12 weeks, bodyweight, body composition, food intake, calorimetry, and glycemia assays were performed. Arcuate nucleus and blood were collected for mRNA and protein analysis. All HFD-fed mice were heavier and less glucose tolerant than control. The diet with 22.5% LA caused greater bodyweight gain, decreased activity, and insulin resistance compared to control and 1% LA. All HFDs elevated leptin and decreased ghrelin in plasma. Neuropeptides gene expression was higher in 22.5% HFD. The inflammatory gene Ikk was suppressed in 1% and 22.5% LA. No consistent pattern of inflammatory gene expression was observed, with suppression and augmentation of genes by one or all of the HFDs relative to control. These data indicate that, in male mice, LA induces obesity and insulin resistance and reduces activity more than saturated fat, supporting the hypothesis that increased LA intake may be a contributor to the obesity epidemic.Peer reviewe
Some observations upon the Vindication of Homer, and of the ancient poets and historians, who have recorded the siege and fall of Troy, written by I.B.S. Morritt, esq. /
No full textFinal leaf blank, with errata slip attached.Signatures: A² B-N⁴ [M]1.ESTC(RLIN)Mode of access: Internet.Library copy bound with: Description of the plain of Troy : with a map of that region, delineated from an actual survey : read in French before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Feb. 21 and 28 and March 21 1791 / by the author, M. Chevalier. Edinburgh : Printed for T. Cadell, 1791. (90-B15413
Highly efficient small interfering RNA delivery to primary mammalian neurons induces MicroRNA-like effects before mRNA degradation
No full textThe study of protein function in neurons has been hindered by the lack of highly efficient, nontoxic methods of inducing RNA interference in such cells. Here we show that application of synthetic small interfering RNA( siRNA) linked to the vector peptide Penetratin1 results in rapid, highly efficient uptake of siRNA by entire populations of cultured primary mammalian hippocampal and sympathetic neurons. This treatment leads to specific knock-down of targeted proteins within hours without the toxicity associated with transfection. In contrast to current methods, our technique permits study of protein function across entire populations with minimal disturbance of complex cellular networks. Using this technique, we found that protein knock-down ( evident after 6 hr) precedes any decrease in targeted message ( evident after 24 hr), suggesting an early, translational repression by perfectly targeted siRNAs.PT: J; CR: BARTEL DP, 2004, CELL, V116, P281 BERTRAND E, 2001, MOL CELL NEUROSCI, V18, P503 DEROSSI D, 1994, J BIOL CHEM, V269, P10444 DOENCH JG, 2003, GENE DEV, V17, P438 DOSTIE JE, 2003, RNA, V9, P180 ELBASHIR SM, 2001, EMBO J, V20, P6877 FINK CC, 2003, NEURON, V39, P283 FIRE A, 1998, NATURE, V391, P806 GAUDILLIERE B, 2002, J BIOL CHEM, V277, P46442 HANNON GJ, 2002, NATURE, V418, P244 HUTVAGNER G, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P2056 JOHNSTON RJ, 2003, NATURE, V426, P845 JOLIOT A, 2004, NAT CELL BIOL, V6, P189 KHVOROVA A, 2003, CELL, V115, P209 KIM J, 2004, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V101, P360 KRICHEVSKY AM, 2002, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V99, P11926 KRICHEVSKY AM, 2003, RNA, V9, P1274 LAI EC, 2003, CURR BIOL, V13, R925 LLAVE C, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P2053 MURATOVSKA A, 2004, FEBS LETT, V558, P63 OMI K, 2004, FEBS LETT, V558, P89 RABACCHI SA, 2004, NEUROBIOL AGING, V25, P1057 REYNOLDS A, 2004, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V22, P326 SAXENA S, 2003, J BIOL CHEM, V278, P44312 SCHERER LJ, 2003, NAT BIOTECHNOL, V21, P1457 SCHWARZ DS, 2003, CELL, V115, P199 THEODORE L, 1995, J NEUROSCI, V15, P7158 TOROCSIK B, 2002, J NEUROSCI, V22, P8971 TROY CM, 1994, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V91, P6384 TROY CM, 1996, J NEUROSCI, V16, P253 TROY CM, 1996, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V93, P5635 TROY CM, 2001, J NEUROSCI, V21, P5007 TROY CM, 2002, J BIOL CHEM, V277, P34295 VICKERS TA, 2003, J BIOL CHEM, V278, P7108 ZENG Y, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P9779; NR: 35; TC: 22; J9: J NEUROSCI; PG: 7; GA: 869ZASource type: Electronic(1
Shadows on the Cathedral: Solar Access Laws in a Different Light
No full textUnprecedented growth in rooftop solar energy development is drawing increased attention to the issue of solar access. To operate effectively, solar panels require un-shaded access to the sun’s rays during peak sunlight hours. Some landowners are reluctant to invest in rooftop solar panels because they fear that a neighbor will erect a structure or grow a tree on nearby property that shades their panels. Existing statutory approaches to protecting solar access for such landowners vary widely across jurisdictions, and some approaches ignore the airspace rights of neighbors. Which rule regime for solar access protection best promotes the efficient allocation of scarce airspace, within the constraints of existing law? This Article applies Calabresi and Melamed’s “Cathedral” framework of property rules and liability rules to compare and analyze existing solar access laws and to evaluate a model solar access statute recently drafted under funding from the US Department of Energy. Surprisingly, the Article concludes that a statute implementing the Cathedral model’s seldom-used “Rule Four” is best suited for addressing solar access conflicts
Troy As a Tourist Destinatıon in Antiquity
No full textThe site of Troy is one of the most important tourist destinations of the world, visited by thousands of people every year. The fame of the city rests on the Iliad, the epic poem that deals with the Trojan War. Since the Iliad, the first literature of the western culture, has been famous since ancient times, it is no wonder that people all over the world want to see the remains of Troy where the famous Trojan War took place. This is not a modern phenomenon, however, as Troy was a tourist destination in antiquity as well. Troy was an important destination especially during the Roman rule since the Romans believed that the Trojans founded their city. The Roman connection brought huge benefits to the city as the city became a tourist destination for Romans. Famous Romans including Caesar and Hadrian visited the city and helped the city financially. With the expansion of Christianity, the foundation myths of Rome became less popular and this inevitably led to the decline of the ties between Troy and Rome, which in turn must have weakened its status as a tourist destinationGünümüzde sadece Türkiye’nin değil dünyanın da sayılı turizm merkezlerinden biri olan Troia ören yeri her yıl binlerce yerli ve yabancı turist tarafından ziyaret edilmektedir. Troia’nın Akdeniz dünyasında var olan binlerce antik kent içinde, görülmek için bu kadar çok tercih edilmesinin nedeni, öncelikle Homeros’un destanlaştırdığı Troia Savaşının geçtiği yerleri, kentin antik kalıntılarını yerinde görebilmektir. Homeros destanlarının meşhur ettiği Troia bu şöhreti sayesinde sadece günümüzde değil antik çağlarda da aynı derecede ilgi çekmiştir. Antik Yunan döneminde var olan ziyaretler özellikle Roma İmparatorluğu ile birlikte tam anlamıyla bir kültür turizmine dönüşmüştür. Romalı turistlerin kendi kurucu atalarının kenti olarak gördükleri Troia’ya yaptıkları ziyaretler bu kentin ekonomisinin önemli bir kaynağı olmuştur. Hıristiyanlık ile birlikte Roma’nın kuruluş mitosuna olan ilginin azalmasıyla Troia’ya yapılan ziyaretler de kesilmiştir. Troia, birçok doğal ve insani afetlerin yanı sıra, belki de en önemli gelir kaynağının da tükenmesiyle çok geçmeden terk edilip harabeye dönmüştür.
Entitlement-Shifting Rules
No full textThis Article describes and analyzes entitlement-shifting rules: laws that initially assign a legal “entitlement” to one party and subsequently reassign the same entitlement to a different party. Guido Calabresi and Douglas Melamed’s classic framework of property rules and liability rules involves two basic steps that yield four possible combinations of entitlement assignments and protective rules. These combinations are conventionally numbered in a particular order as rules one through four. Over the years, numerous scholars have built upon Calabresi and Melamed’s four-rule structure with add-on rules that tweak the model’s second step of assigning property or liability rule protection. By contrast, academicians have devoted far less attention to what this Article calls “entitlement-shifting rules”—rules that involve variations on the model’s first step of assigning the entitlement. Although government actors routinely shift entitlements in legitimate and useful ways, some types of entitlement shifting—especially certain laws and actions that shift core property entitlements—are difficult to defend on efficiency or equity grounds. This Article sets forth principles for identifying and analyzing entitlement-shifting rules, applies those principles to examine a diverse set of real-world examples ranging from civil asset forfeiture laws to proposed drone regulations, and describes some basic strategies for deterring the most costly and unjust forms of entitlement shifting. By drawing attention to entitlement-shifting rules and their impacts, this Article paints Calabresi and Melamed’s model in a revealing new light and provides additional perspective on some of the core deficiencies of modern takings laws
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