1,720,976 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Indo-Pacific and Tropical Atlantic EOF modes: contributions to the analyses of cloud cover conditions in the Los Nevados Natural Park
No full textOs páramos colombianos estão experimentando um aumento no seu stress climático. Um dos fatores chave
atrás disto é a mudança nas condições de cobertura de nuvens, que dependem de processos regionais e locais.
Este trabalho procura explorar o grau de associação entre a variabilidade ano a ano das temperaturas superficiais
do mar (TSM) observadas nas zonas tropicais dos oceanos Índico-Pacífico e Atlântico e as mudanças de ano a ano
nas condições de cobertura regional de nuvens imperantes na cordilheira Central da Colômbia, mas enfocandose
no pixel da retícula satelital onde se encontram o maciço vulcânico Ruiz-Tolima, o Parque Nacional Natural
Los Nevados e seus arredores. Os registros analisados incluem valores médios mensais de TSM observados na
região El Niño 3.4 do Pacífico equatorial, anomalias das TSM observadas nas bacias tropicais do Índico-Pacífico
e o Atlântico, assim como a cobertura de nuvens de todo tipo e a pressão atmosférica no seu alto limite máximo
observadas sobre os Andes setentrionais. Mesmo que se processam os dados de quatro meses "secos", a discussão
se centra nas condições de janeiro, quando as zonas de alta montanha da cordilheira Central da Colômbia estão
expostas a máximos de brilho solar. As análises de funções ortogonais empíricas (EOF) / componentes principais
(PC) se levam a cabo para identificar os principais modos de variabilidade das TSM, tais como El Niño-Oscilação
do Sul (ENOS). Os primeiros modos de EOF nas anomalias das TSM observadas em janeiro nas regiões 30°S a
30°N e 15°S a 15°N do Índico-Pacífico representam, em particular, a fase madura do ENOS e explicam 30,7 %
e 44,3 %, respectivamente, da variabilidade espaço-temporária das anomalias das TSM em janeiro. O primeiro
modo de EOF de anomalias das TSM observadas em janeiro nas latitudes 19°S a 29°N do Atlântico tropical explica
32,0 % da variabilidade espaço-temporária das anomalias das TSM nesta região oceânica e representa a
estrutura monopolar equatorial. As análises de correlação simples são feitas depois para explorar os vínculos entre
as anomalias das TSM em Niño 3.4, o modo ENOS do Pacífico, a estrutura monopolar equatorial do Atlântico
e as condições de cobertura de nuvens imperantes nos Andes setentrionais; 59 % da variação das condições de
cobertura de nuvens no mês de janeiro sobre a zona de alta montanha selecionada se explica pelas anomalias
das TSM na região Niño 3.4; 72 % e 71 % dessa variabilidade se explicam pelas primeiras PC (PC1) das anomalias
das TSM observadas em janeiro nos cintos 30°S a 30°N e 15°S a 15°N da região Índico-Pacífica, respectivamente. Por último, 28 % dessa variabilidade se explica pela PC1 das anomalias das TSM observadas em janeiro na região
19°S a 29°N do Atlântico tropical. A PC1 das anomalias das TSM observadas em janeiro no cinto 30°S a 30°N da
região do Índico-Pacífico exibe uma tendência estatisticamente significativa durante o período 1942-2007 que
amostra mais condições do tipo El Niño durante os últimos 28 anos do período de observação. Ela também
amostra uma mudança estatisticamente significativa na meia, que coincide com a mudança de regime ocorrido
no Pacífico tropical para 1976. As análises sugerem que é provável que haja uma diminuição da cobertura líquida
de nuvens em janeiro na zona do maciço vulcânico Ruiz-Tolima e seus arredores durante os próximos 50 anos.
Uma diminuição na quantidade de nuvens de todo tipo de 6,8 %, relativa ao período 1984-2001, é provável que
ocorra ao redor do 2050 sob condições "normais". Um evento forte do El Niño pode reduzir esta quantidade média
mensal de nuvens desde um valor esperado de 68,7 % até um valor médio de 59,6 %. As mudanças previstas
na cobertura de nuvens talvez piorarão as atuais condições climáticas críticas que enfrentam os ecossistemas de
alta montanha colombianos.Colombian paramos are experiencing an increase in their climatic stress. One of the key factors behind is the
change in cloud cover conditions, which are dependent on both regional and local processes. This work aims to
explore the degree of association between the year-to-year variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) observed
in the tropical Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and the year-to-year changes in regional cloud cover conditions
prevailing over the Colombian Central Cordillera, but focusing on the satellite grid pixel where Ruiz-Tolima Volcanic
Massif, the Los Nevados Natural Park and their surroundings are located. Analyzed records include mean
monthly SSTs observed in the El Niño 3.4 region of the equatorial Pacific, SST anomalies observed in the tropical
Indo-Pacific and Atlantic basins, as well as all-type cloud cover and top pressure data observed over the northern
Andes. Even though data of four ¿dry¿ months are processed, discussion focuses on January conditions when highaltitude
environments of the Colombian Central Cordillera are exposed to sunshine maxima. Empirical orthogonal
function (EOF)/principal component (PC) analyses are conducted to identify the major modes of variability in
SSTs, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The first EOF modes of January SST anomalies observed
in the 30°S to 30°N and 15°S to 15°N Indo-Pacific regions represent, in particular, the mature phase of ENSO, and
account for 30.7 % and 44.3 %, respectively, of the spatio-temporal variability of January SST anomalies. The first
EOF mode of January SST anomalies observed in the 19°S to 29°N tropical Atlantic accounts for 32.0 % of the
spatio-temporal variability of SST anomalies in this ocean region, and depicts the equatorial monopole structure.
Simple correlation analyses are then conducted to explore linkages between the El Niño 3.4 SST anomalies, the
Pacific ENSO mode, the Atlantic equatorial monopole structure, and the cloud cover conditions prevailing over
the northern Andes; 59 % of the variance of January cloud cover conditions over the selected-high-altitude region
is explained by the El Niño 3.4 SST anomalies; 72 % and 71 % are explained by the first PCs (PC1s) of January SST anomalies observed in the 30°S-to-30°N and 15°S-to-15°N belts of the Indo-Pacific region, respectively; finally,
28 % is explained by the PC1 of January SST anomalies observed in the 19°S to 29°N tropical Atlantic region. The
PC1 of January SST anomalies in the 30°S-to-30°N belt of the Indo-Pacific region exhibits a statistically significant
trend over the period 1942-2007 that shows more El Niño-like conditions during the last 28 years of the observational
period. It also exhibits a statistically significant change in the mean that coincides with the regime shift that
occurred in the tropical Pacific around 1976. Analyses suggest that there is likely to be a decrease in the January
net cloud cover in the area of Ruiz-Tolima Volcanic Massif and its surroundings over the next 50 years. A decrease
in all-type cloud amount of 6.8 %, relative to the period 1984-2001, is likely to happen by 2050 under ¿normal¿
conditions. A strong El Niño event would reduce this mean monthly cloud amount from an expected value of
68.7 % to an average value of 59.6 %. Predicted changes in cloud cover will probably worsen the current critical
climatic conditions faced by Colombian high-altitude environments.Los páramos colombianos están experimentando un aumento en su estrés climático. Uno de los factores
clave detrás de esto es el cambio en las condiciones de cobertura de nubes, que dependen de procesos regionales
y locales. Este trabajo busca explorar el grado de asociación entre la variabilidad año a año de las temperaturas
superficiales del mar (TSM) observadas en las zonas tropicales de los océanos Índico-Pacífico y Atlántico y los
cambios de año a año en las condiciones de cobertura regional de nubes imperantes en la cordillera Central de
Colombia, pero enfocándose en el píxel de la retícula satelital donde se encuentran el macizo volcánico Ruiz-Tolima,
el Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados y sus alrededores. Los registros analizados incluyen valores promedio
mensuales de TSM observados en la región Niño 3.4 del Pacífico ecuatorial, anomalías de las TSM observadas en
las cuencas tropicales del Índico-Pacífico y el Atlántico, así como la cobertura de nubes de todo tipo y la presión
atmosférica en su capa alta observadas sobre los Andes septentrionales. Aunque se procesan los datos de cuatro
meses "secos", la discusión se centra en las condiciones de enero, cuando las zonas de alta montaña de la cordillera
Central de Colombia están expuestas a máximos de brillo solar. Los análisis de funciones ortogonales empíricas
(EOF) / componentes principales (PC) se llevan a cabo para identificar los principales modos de variabilidad de
las TSM, tales como El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENOS). Los primeros modos de EOF en las anomalías de las TSM
observadas en enero en las regiones 30°S a 30°N y 15°S a 15°N del Índico-Pacífico representan, en particular, la
fase madura del ENOS y explican el 30,7 % y 44,3 %, respectivamente, de la variabilidad espacio-temporal de las
anomalías de las TSM en enero. El primer modo de EOF de anomalías de las TSM observadas en enero en las
latitudes 19°S a 29°N del Atlántico tropical explica el 32,0 % de la variabilidad espacio-temporal de las anomalías de
las TSM en esta región oceánica y representa la estructura monopolar ecuatorial. Los análisis de correlación simple
se llevan a cabo después para explorar los vínculos entre las anomalías de las TSM en Niño 3.4, el modo ENOS
del Pacífico, la estructura monopolar ecuatorial del Atlántico y las condiciones de cobertura de nubes imperantes
en los Andes septentrionales; 59 % de la variación de las condiciones de cobertura de nubes en el mes de enero
sobre la zona de alta montaña seleccionada se explica por las anomalías de las TSM en la región Niño 3.4; 72 % y
71 % de esa variabilidad se explican por las primeras PC (PC1) de las anomalías de las TSM observadas en enero
en los cinturones 30°S a 30°N y 15°S a 15°N de la región Índico-Pacífica, respectivamente; por último, el 28 % de esa variabilidad se explica por la PC1 de las anomalías de las TSM observadas en enero en la región 19°S a 29°N
del Atlántico tropical. La PC1 de las anomalías de las TSM observadas en enero en el cinturón 30°S a 30°N de la
región del Índico-Pacífico exhibe una tendencia estadísticamente significativa durante el período 1942-2007 que
muestra más condiciones del tipo El Niño durante los últimos 28 años del período de observación. Ella también
muestra un cambio estadísticamente significativo en la media, que coincide con el cambio de régimen ocurrido
en el Pacífico tropical hacia 1976. Los análisis sugieren que es probable que haya una disminución de la cobertura
neta de nubes en enero en la zona del macizo volcánico Ruiz-Tolima y sus alrededores durante los próximos 50
años. Una disminución en la cantidad de nubes de todo tipo del 6,8 %, relativa al período 1984-2001, es probable
que ocurra alrededor del 2050 bajo condiciones "normales". Un evento fuerte de El Niño puede reducir esta
cantidad media mensual de nubes desde un valor esperado de 68,7 % hasta un valor promedio de 59,6 %. Los
cambios previstos en la cobertura de nubes tal vez empeorarán las actuales condiciones climáticas críticas que
enfrentan los ecosistemas de alta montaña colombianos
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