1,721,017 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textPig farming is a risk factor for increased nasal Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Using sequence typing and phylogenetic comparisons, we showed that overcolonization of farmers was caused by a few bacterial strains that were not present in nonfarmers but often caused swine infections. This finding suggests a high rate of strain exchange between pigs and farmers
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Methanogens : between commensalism and opportunism
No full textDans la première partie de notre Thèse, nous avons revu la littérature de l’ensemble des espèces méthanogènes retrouvées dans les différents microbiotes de l’homme. Nous avons également fait un point sur les diverses méthodes utilisées en microbiologie clinique pour rechercher et identifier ces microorganismes. Dans une seconde partie de notre thèse, nous avons montré que le tractus digestif humain est colonisé par M. smithii dès le premier jour de la vie posant ainsi la question des sources potentielles d’acquisition de ce méthanogènes. Nous avons détecté et isolé M. smithii et M. oralis dans le colostrum et dans le lait maternel suggérant ainsi une contamination mère-enfant par allaitement. Concernant les prélèvements vaginaux, M. smithii est détecté dans 97 % des prélèvements collectés chez des patientes ayant une vaginose bactérienne. Par la suite, nous avons rapporté la détection de méthanogènes, M. oralis et M. smithii dans le fluide salivaire d'individus ne souffrant d'aucune maladie bucco-dentaire. Dans la troisième partie de notre thèse, nous avons montré pour la première fois que les méthanogènes font partie du microbiote urinaire dans lequel nous avons trouvé M. smithii avec une prévalence de 9 %. Enfin, nous avons optimisé les méthodes de recherche et d’isolement des méthanogènes. Nous avons développé une méthode chimique de production d’H2. L’expertise acquise et les résultats obtenus au cours de cette Thèse, nous invitent à poursuivre des travaux de recherche en microbiologie clinique des méthanogènes, en questionnant plus particulièrement leurs rôles en physiologie et en pathologie buccodentaire.In the first part of our thesis, we reviewed the literature of all the methanogenic species found in the different microbiota of humans. We also reviewed the various methods used in clinical microbiology to research and identify these microorganisms. In a second part of our thesis, we have shown that the human digestive tract is colonized by M. smithii from the first day of life thus posing the question of potential sources of acquisition of this methanogen. We detected and isolated M. smithii and M. oralis in colostrum and breast milk suggesting mother-to-child contamination by breastfeeding. For vaginal specimens, M. smithii is detected in 97% of the samples collected from patients with bacterial vaginosis. Subsequently, we reported the detection of methanogens, M. oralis and M. smithii in the salivary fluid of individuals with no oral disease. In the third part of our thesis, we have shown for the first time that methanogens are part of the urinary microbiota in which we found M. smithii with a prevalence of 9%. Finally, we have optimized the methods of research and isolation of methanogens. We have developed a chemical method for producing H2. The expertise acquired and the results obtained during this thesis, invite us to continue research work in clinical microbiology of methanogens, questioning more particularly their roles in physiology and oral pathology
Methanogenic Archaea as human opportunistic pathogens
No full textLes méthanogènes sont des Archaea anaérobies stricts, connus pour être les seuls êtres vivants capables de produire du méthane comme sous-produit de leur métabolisme. Notre revue de littérature a montré qu’outre les espèces environnementales, l’ordre des Methanomassiliicoccales ne comptait à ce jour qu’une seule espèce Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis isolée et cultivée dans notre laboratoire. Aucours de notre thèse, nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode permettant la culture et l’isolement des méthanogènes en absence de source externe de dihydrogène (H2) d’une part et d’autre part une méthode de génotypage Multispacer Sequence Typing (MST) basée sur le séquençage d’espaces intergéniques pour typer Methanobrevibacter smithii et M. oralis. Par la suite, nous avons mis en évidence la présence de méthanogènes en situation pathologique chez l’homme. Nous avons détecté et isolé pour la première fois au sein de flores anaérobies, M. oralis à partir d’échantillons d’abcès cérébraux, et de sinusite d’une part, et d’autre part M. smithii à partir d’un échantillon de patient souffrant d’abcès para-vertébral. Enfin, dans la cinquième partie de notre thèse, nous avons testé in vitro la sensibilité de cinq méthanogènes associés aux flores humaines à la lovastatine qui est une pro-drogue utilisée pour abaisser la concentration de cholestérol chez l’homme dans le cadre de certaines pathologies. Les cinq méthanogènes se sont avérées sensibles à une concentration minimale inhibitrice de 1µg/mL, après activation par hydrolyse de la lovastatine par des bactéries anaérobies du microbiote digestif, via une l’inhibition de la croissance et de la production du méthane.Methanogens are strict anaerobic Archaea, known to the only being able to producing methane gas as a byproduct. Methanogens which are not detected in clinical microbiology laboratories were present in oral, digestive, vaginal and cutaneous microbiota of human. Only five species on the thirteen known in human have been cultivated before the beginning of our thesis. In our thesis, we initially reviewed the state of knowledge about methanogens in human microbiota, particularly the new order Methanomassiliicoccales of methylotrophic methanogens, the as member of human microbiota. In the second part of this work, we performing new method for methanogens culture and isolation without any dihydrogen atmosphere, by co-cultured in tubes methanogens with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which produces hydrogen. We also developed Multispacer Sequence Typing (MST), a genotyping method based on intergenic spacers sequencing, to genotype M. oralis and Methanobrevibacter. Smithii. We demonstrated that methanogens could be part of polymicrobial infection in the case of brain and sinusal abscesses, and also in skeletal muscle abscess, by isolating for the first time M. oralis and M. smithii in these pathologies, using culture-based and molecular-based approaches, and suggested that methanogens could be considered as human opportunistic or emerging pathogens. Finally, we tested the in vitro susceptibility of lovastatin which is a prodrug used as a powerful serum cholesterol-lowering drug in some human diseases and showed that it’s inhibits growth and methane production in human-associated methanogens without affecting intestinal bacteria
- …
