1,721,691 research outputs found
CHONDROITIN SULFATE AS A BIOACTIVE MACROMOLECULE FOR ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS AND THERAPIES
No full textGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are acidic, highly sulfated, complex, linear, natural heteropolysaccharides
distributed among all organisms and composed of a variable number
of repeating disaccharide units. Each disaccharide consists of one hexosamine, Dgalactosamine
(GalN) or D-glucosamine (GlcN), and one uronic acid, D-glucuronic
acid (GlcA) or L-iduronic acid (IdoA) or neutral hexose, D-galactose (Gal). According
to the type of the monosaccharide units and the glycosidic bonds between them,
GAGs can be divided into four main categories: (1) hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan
(HA); (2) chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS); (3) heparan sulfate
(HS) and heparin (Hep); and (4) keratan sulfate (KS) (Fig. 5.1). GAGs are present
in all animals and some of them like Hep, CS and DS are extracted from terrestrial
and marine soft tissues and cartilages for therapeutic uses. They are synthesized as
polymers of repeating disaccharides with an N-acetyl-hexosamine (GalNAc or Glc-
NAc) as one of the sugars. The alternating sugar is GlcA with the exception of KS
which contains galactose instead. HA, very peculiar because it is neither sulfated nor
covalently linked to a protein, containing GlcNAc, is not further modified, whereas
the other classes are modified by: (1) the addition of O-sulfate groups on various
hydroxyls (the three classes); (2) 5-epimerization of someGlcA residues to form IdoA
residues (DS, HS, Hep); and (3) removal of acetyl residues from some hexosamine
Supplement_4 – Supplemental material for Cartilage Restoration of Patellofemoral Lesions: A Systematic Review
No full textSupplemental material, Supplement_4 for Cartilage Restoration of Patellofemoral Lesions: A Systematic Review by Renato Andrade, Joni Nunes, Betina B. Hinckel, Jordan Gruskay, Sebastiano Vasta, Ricardo Bastos, J. Miguel Oliveira, Rui L. Reis, Andreas H. Gomoll and João Espregueira-Mendes in CARTILAGE</p
Supplement_2 – Supplemental material for Cartilage Restoration of Patellofemoral Lesions: A Systematic Review
No full textSupplemental material, Supplement_2 for Cartilage Restoration of Patellofemoral Lesions: A Systematic Review by Renato Andrade, Joni Nunes, Betina B. Hinckel, Jordan Gruskay, Sebastiano Vasta, Ricardo Bastos, J. Miguel Oliveira, Rui L. Reis, Andreas H. Gomoll and João Espregueira-Mendes in CARTILAGE</p
Supplement_1 – Supplemental material for Cartilage Restoration of Patellofemoral Lesions: A Systematic Review
No full textSupplemental material, Supplement_1 for Cartilage Restoration of Patellofemoral Lesions: A Systematic Review by Renato Andrade, Joni Nunes, Betina B. Hinckel, Jordan Gruskay, Sebastiano Vasta, Ricardo Bastos, J. Miguel Oliveira, Rui L. Reis, Andreas H. Gomoll and João Espregueira-Mendes in CARTILAGE</p
Supplement_3 – Supplemental material for Cartilage Restoration of Patellofemoral Lesions: A Systematic Review
No full textSupplemental material, Supplement_3 for Cartilage Restoration of Patellofemoral Lesions: A Systematic Review by Renato Andrade, Joni Nunes, Betina B. Hinckel, Jordan Gruskay, Sebastiano Vasta, Ricardo Bastos, J. Miguel Oliveira, Rui L. Reis, Andreas H. Gomoll and João Espregueira-Mendes in CARTILAGE</p
Degradação e mineralização de polímeros à base de amido de milho
No full textEstágio financiado por: PRODEP II, Medida 5/Acção 5.2 - EstágiosRelatório do Estágio Curricular da LEMM 1996/1997, sob a orientação dos Engenheiros Rui L. Reis e Pedro L. Granj
Desenvolvimento de materiais poliméricos porosos e compósitos para substituição óssea
No full textEstágio financiado por: PRODEP II, Medida 5/Acção 5.2 - EstágiosRelatório do Estágio Curricular da LEMM 1996/1997, sob a orientação do Engº. Rui L. Reis e do Dr. António M. Cunh
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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