1,720,954 research outputs found
Experimental study examining the effects of modification of maternal expressed anxiety and encouragement on infant affect and behaviour
No full textResearch data corresponding to empirical paper for research thesis. Paper title: Effects of modification of maternal expressed anxiety and encouragement on infant affect and behaviour, using a social referencing paradigm. Overall thesis title: The Influence of Child Temperament and Parenting Behaviours on the Development of Childhood Anxiety.
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The Influence of child temperament and parenting behaviours on the development of childhood anxiety
No full textChildhood anxiety disorders are the most prevalent type of mental health problem in children and they can have long-term detrimental impacts. It is therefore important to understand the risk factors involved in their development in order for effective prevention programmes to be developed. Observational and experimental research have implicated specific parenting behaviours, temperamental, and genetic factors in the development of childhood anxiety disorders.The first chapter examines the temperamental factors implicated in the development of childhood anxiety disorders. Behavioural Inhibition (BI) is a temperamental style that can be identified from infancy, which is characterised by persistent demonstrations of fear, wariness, and reticence in unfamiliar situations. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis is presented, examining the association between BI and presentations of childhood anxiety. 55 studies reporting a quantitative outcome for the association between BI and childhood anxiety were included in the meta-analysis. The 55 studies, from 43 independent samples, presented 135 effect sizes for the association between BI and childhood anxiety. A positive significant association was found between BI and childhood anxiety. Meta-regressions examined factors moderating the association; stronger effect sizes were found when: anxiety was measured continuously, BI was measured by parent-report, and anxiety was measured by parent-report. Recommendations are made for further research to examine the interaction between temperamental and parenting factors in the development of childhood anxiety.The second chapter presents an empirical study investigating the impact of two specific parenting behaviours on infant affect and behaviour. Research has shown that parental expression of anxiety can increase their child’s anxiety, whereas demonstrating encouraging behaviour is associated with less anxiety in the child. The study examined whether it is possible to modify these parenting behaviours using video tuition to model the target parenting behaviours, and then examined if this had an impact on infants’ affect and behaviour. Twenty-two mother-infant dyads completed two experimental social-referencing tasks in which they met with a stranger. In one, mothers expressed anxiety when interacting with a stranger, and in the other they expressed encouragement. Infant affect and behaviour during subsequent interaction with the strangers was recorded. Measures of maternal mood/anxiety and infant temperament were gathered to examine if these moderated any effects found. The video tuition was successful in modifying mothers' behaviours. Infant temperament had the strongest effect on infants’ affect and behaviour, irrespective of the experimental condition. The study has demonstrated the utility of video tuition for modifying behaviours implicated in the development of childhood anxiety. Recommendations are made to replicate the study in a clinical sample and for further exploration of temperamental factors.Keywords: childhood; infancy; anxiety; behavioural inhibition; temperament; parentin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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