1,720,955 research outputs found
Canadian School Food Programs and the Prospect of Linking Farms and Schools in Regional Agri-Food Value Chains
Get PDFThis dissertation investigates the state of, and future prospects for, school food programming in Canada. The aim of this dissertation is to unpack the institutional complexity of school food programs in Canada and assess the operational aspects and economic opportunity of bringing locally grown food or the ‘farm-to-school’. This mixed methods research combines theoretical reflection and empirical approaches to assess prospects for linking local food to children’s health and education as well as the necessary supports for scaling a farm-to-school approach to school food procurement across Canada to benefit students, families, and the Canadian agri-food sector. This dissertation was informed by conceptual and analytical frameworks from economic sociology, local food systems, social movements, social policy, and program development literature. The results provide both a broad overview of the diversity and unevenness of school food programming across Canada through a systematic survey of provincial and territorial government program funders and an in-depth examination of farm-to-school programming in the Province of Ontario through an economic contribution analysis of intermediated local school food procurement followed by a qualitative analysis farm-to-school supply chain actors’ experiences participating in values-based supply chains. For example, it was found that most school food programs (SFPs) in Canada are breakfast programs in elementary schools coordinated by female volunteers; schools heavily rely on donations from community groups, charities, and private sector donors as provincial and territorial governments most often only offer modest funding and formal local food procurement objectives and activities are uncommon but growing in prevalence. This dissertation contributes to scholarship on school food program reach and implementation that has not been systematically examined since the 1990s in Canada, as well as conceptual and practical implications associated with program expansion, governance, and opportunities in the realms of public food procurement and economic development.Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural AffairsArrell Food InstituteUniversity of Guelph2022-12-1
Scaling up ‘Local’ in School Food Programs: exploring intermediated farm-to-school procurement in Ontario
Get PDFIn North America, farm-to-school (F2S) initiatives that link farms directly with schools have been cited to have the potential to provide a substantial boost to the agri-food sector, especially local and regional rural economies. Limited human resources, food processing and distribution infrastructure, however, have made these direct purchasing arrangements challenging. In Ontario, Canada, a similardecentralized school food procurement model predominates, where volunteers are responsible for purchasing, transporting, and preparing meals for schools individually. One alternative is intermediated F2S food procurement, a regional value chain approach to local food procurement that enrolls additional actors between farm and school. In attempting to quantify the economic activity associated with F2S, many analyses have focused on the direct F2S model or have not specified the delivery mechanism. This paper reports on an intermediated approach coordinated by non-profit organizations (NPOs) in Ontario, Canada, that seeks to model the desired benefits of F2S approaches, but at a regional scale. Attention is given to both the organizational or ‘architectural’ features of such programs and to the level of economic activity such programs produce. Primary purchasing data from two NPO-intermediated F2S programs (n=611 schools)—one in Southwestern Ontario and one in Northern Ontario—and three non-intermediated or‘decentralized’ programs were used to examine the types, quantities, and provenance of fruit and vegetables purchased in 2019 (pre-pandemic) and identify possibilities for and the supports required to expand local procurement of fresh fruits and vegetables by Ontario schools. The intermediated F2S model procured an average of 37% of Ontario-grown food across all purchases in the study time period compared to the average of 19% by the comparator decentralized schools, providing preliminary evidence of the potential value of NPO-intermediated F2S models.
Keywords: school meals; local food; food supply chains; public procurement; public sector catering
___________________________________________
Mise à l’échelle « locale » dans les programmes alimentaires scolaires : exploration de l’approvisionnement intermédié de la ferme à l’école en Ontario
RésuméEn Amérique du Nord, les initiatives de la ferme à l’école (F2S) qui relient directement les fermes aux écoles ont été citées comme ayant le potentiel de donner un coup de pouce substantiel au secteur agroalimentaire, en particulier aux économies rurales locales et régionales. Toutefois, les ressources humaines limitées, la transformation des aliments et l’infrastructure de distribution ont rendu ces accords d’achat direct difficiles. En Ontario, au Canada, un modèle similaire d’approvisionnement en aliments scolaires décentralisés prédomine, où les bénévoles sont responsables de l’achat, du transport et de la préparation des repas pour les écoles individuellement. Une alternative est l’approvisionnement alimentaire intermédié F2S, une approche de chaîne de valeur régionale pour l’approvisionnement alimentaire local qui inscrit des acteurs supplémentaires entre la ferme et l’école. En tentant de quantifier l’activité économique associée à la F2S, de nombreuses analyses se sont concentrées sur le modèle F2S direct ou n’ont pas spécifié le mécanisme de livraison. Cet article rend compte d’une approche intermédiée coordonnée par des organismes à but non lucratif (OBNL) en Ontario, au Canada, qui cherche à modéliser les avantages souhaités des approches F2S, mais à l’échelle régionale. Une attention particulière est accordée à la fois aux caractéristiques organisationnelles ou « architecturales » de tels programmes et au niveau d’activité économique qu’ils produisent. Les données sur les achats primaires de deux programmes F2S intermédiés par des OBNL (n = 611 écoles), une dans le Sud-Ouest de l’Ontario et une dans le Nord de l’Ontario, et de trois programmes non intermédiés ou « décentralisés » ont été utilisées pour examiner les types, les quantités et la provenance des fruits et légumes achetés en 2019 (avant la pandémie) et déterminer les possibilités et les soutiens requis pour accroître l’approvisionnement local en fruits et légumes frais par les écoles de l’Ontario. Le modèle F2S intermédié a permis d’acheter en moyenne 37 % des aliments cultivés en Ontario pour tous les achats au cours de la période étudiée, comparativement à la moyenne de 19 % pour les écoles décentralisées de comparaison, ce qui fournit des preuves préliminaires de la valeur potentielle des modèles F2S intermédiés par les OBNL.
Mots-clés : repas scolaires; nourriture locale; les chaînes d’approvisionnement alimentaire; les marchés publics; restauration du secteur publi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
