1,721,039 research outputs found
Systemic Mapping and Design Research: Towards Participatory Democratic Engagement
Get PDFThis article presents an argument to extend possibilities and discussions about the role of design in democratic participation. We ground this argument in case studies and observations of several grassroots experimental participatory design workshops run with the intention of producing spaces for community deliberation and a tangible transformation of these communities. These cases show how systemic mapping and prototyping are used to increase community understanding of how potential futures represent values systems that should correspond to the values the community would like to see in place. The methodologies used on these workshops are presented it here as an opportunity to question the role of design in democratic deliberation and policy making
Concept models for design practice
Get PDFConcept models are common guides to living, and some more specialized ones, which have been developed and validated in other fields have been adopted by designers for use in their work. In particular, concept models serve as templates for decision-making and action, and valid concept models make decision-making and action faster, more efficient, and more successful. It is not necessary that the concept models be complete to be useful, but it is necessary that the elements they do contain are relevant to the activity at hand, and that the model itself is a sufficiently accurate representation to be predictive. However, the field of design, like many other inventive disciplines (e.g. architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, engineering, computer science) has not traditionally concerned itself with the development and validation of concept models beyond those that are applicable within the confines of a single project. In this paper, we argue that the time has come for the inventive disciplines to increasingly produce their own concept models to benefit practitioners in many different kinds of projects, both within the inventive disciplines and beyond, into disciplines where knowledge production is sequential (as in much of science) or aggregative (as in much of the humanities)
Chomsky v. Kripke, Round two: Methodological collecttivism and explanatory adequacy
Get PDFGiven a situation in which someone appears to be (acts as if) he or she is following a set of rules, what is the explanatory fact of the matter? For Kripke, addressing this question in WITTGENSTEIN ON RULES AND PRIVATE LANGUAGE (WRPL), the answer is to be found in the collective fact of the agreements in judgment characteristic of given communities. For Chomsky, responding to Kripke in Knowledge of Language (KL), the answer is to be found in the individual fact of those "states of the mind/brain that enter into behavior" (KL 3). Like Chomsky, I do not think we can come up with a satisfying explanation of behavior without referring to states about (internal to) individuals. But I also accept the notion, implicit in Kripke's argument, that observable modes of behavior serve a function that is both exemplary and normative. In order to explain how normative modes of behavior can be assimilated and reproduced by individuals, I offer an account of the observation and internalization of exemplary performances
Design beyond the eyes: a web-based tool for designers working with people with visual needs
Get PDFThe proportion of the global population who are elderly is growing which will lead to more people with physical conditions including vision loss. Every person with visual needs has different lived experiences considering their living condition, vision condition, and how long they have been living with vision loss or no vision.
There is a gap between the needs of adults experiencing vision loss and the addressing of those needs by existing products and services, due to the lack of a deep understanding of their needs and challenges by designers. Designers who are not familiar with working with people with visual needs have to gain a deeper understanding of their lived experiences and their variety of needs to be able to design for them effectively. Designers need tools and techniques that will prevent them from generalizing the experiences and challenges of their user group, which can lead to considering only one solution for everyone without understanding and considering their individual and different needs.
Although the focus of this project is on the communication between designers and people with visual needs, the individuality of each participant as a human being with different characteristics and experiences played an important role in the path of this project. The primary research included several online interviews and co-creation sessions with people with visual needs and those who have daily communication with them to understand their needs and experiences comprehensively. As a result of the experimental phase, the author realized that there is a need for improving the interaction between designers and individuals with visual needs which would result in a deeper understanding of the real needs of the users to be considered in the design process.
To meet this goal, journey maps (explained below) were found to be the most effective tools that would give the opportunity to the participants to share their experiences safely, openly, and in detail. Therefore, a web-based tool was created for use by designers who are new to the area of visual needs. It provides them with the required information about this area, as well as guidelines for how to proceed with the design process to produce flexible, adaptable, and accessible journey maps that would give space to everyone to share their personal journey.
The components of this tool help designers in the process of creating journey maps with participants with low or no vision. First, designers get familiar with the common definitions that they need to know before starting the interaction with participants including the kinds and causes of vision loss, and existing assistive technologies. Then, they receive guidelines about how to identify their user group by asking the right questions, as well as guidelines for conducting the interviews which would lead to creating the journey maps. The guidelines for creating the visual and non-visual journey maps provide the designers with the characteristics of the maps and how to make them accessible for the participants considering their vision level and their accessibility to technology.Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2022-01-12 without embargo termsThe student, Shafagh Hadinezhad, accepted the attached license on 2021-07-20 at 13:03.The student, Shafagh Hadinezhad, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-07-20 at 13:05.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-07-22 at 16:12.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #17016 on 2022-01-12 at 12:46:18Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T21:46:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2021-07-2
Visualizing wiki author contributions in higher education
Get PDFThis thesis investigates how users contribute to wiki environments implemented in higher education settings. The type, extent and quality of users' edits is assessed by analyzing a student-generated wiki through a manual analysis carried by three raters. This project aims to present the relative contribution of wiki users as a way to motivate them to collaborate in a wiki-based group project. Manual as well as automatic programs are used to analyze the same set of wiki articles. Automatic algorithms are proposed to estimate users' relative contribution and ownership to the article. Suggested is the implementation of a visual representation known as a glyph (working as an add-on to the wiki) that shows statistics on participants’ contributions. Several glyph designs were tested by participants through interviews. These interviews showed that participants identified the visualization as a motivation enhancer to contribute to wikis
Wittgenstein - ein Wegbereiter der mehrwertigen Logik?
Get PDFWittgensteins Denkansätze enthalten Impulse fuer die Diskussion um die Rechtfertigung der mehrwertigen Logik und Mengenlehre (fuzzy logic, fuzzy sets). Mindestens der ältere Wittgenstein kann als einer der Vordenker einer methodologisch begründeten mehrwertigen und mehrdimensionalen Logik gelten
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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