161 research outputs found
Human papillomavirus vaccination: Review and roll out plan in Delhi
No full textThis manuscript reviews and describe the burden of cervical cancer in world and India, epidemiology of HPV infection, screening methods, prevention, control strategy, types of HPV vaccines, schedule, age of administration, dose, route, anatomical site of human papillomavirus vaccination, cold chain, vaccine coverage and roll out plan in Delhi, India
Coughing leading to spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in a young male
No full textA 20-year male college student, nonsmoker, nonalcoholic, average built presented with sudden onset cough since last 1 day along with diffuse swelling in the neck, difficulty in swallowing both liquids and solid since 1 day. There was history of rhinorrhea alternating with nasal block intermittently with change of seasons since last 3-4 years. There was no history of weight lifting, drug intake, tuberculosis or trauma, or family history of allergy. A case report of self-limiting spontaneous pneumomediastinum following a sudden bout of coughing with no underlying lung lesion is being reported
Hemorrhagic pleural effusion due to pseudo-pancreatic cyst
No full textHemorrhagic pleural effusion is a common clinical entity still diagnosis is often missed. An unusual and often over-looked cause of pleural effusion is an intra-abdominal process including complication arising due to pancreatitis. We report a rare case of massive left sided hemorrhagic pleural effusion in a patient due to pancreatic pathology
Esophageo pleural fistula due to esophageal cancer
No full textA 61-year-old male admitted in chest clinic with complaints of left-sided chest pain, sudden onset breathlessness, and cough since last 15 days. Patient was anex-smoker with no past history of tuberculosis. He was diagnosed with esophageal cancer and received radiotherapy 1 year back. On chest X-ray, left-sided hydropneumothorax was found and intercostal drainage insertion was done. A week later patient complained of extrusion of food particles into intercostal drainage bag. On evaluation, esophageopleural (EP) fistula was confirmed
Inhalational Therapy for Airway Disease Among Adult Patients: Compliance is a Major Challenge Toward Effective Management
No full textObjective: To determine proportion of correct inhalation technique amongst patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving 100 known subjects of either disease condition using inhaler device for atleast one-year reporting at chest OPD of government hospital were interviewed using pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule and inhalation technique determined by standard observation checklist. Each step was given a score of ′one′ if undertaken by patient and ′zero′ in case of non-compliance. Results: There were 62% male patients; 27% were illiterate; 92% were married; 32% were current smokers; average age was 50.3 (±14.5) years; 55% and 45% had asthma and COPD respectively; 60% were on MDI device and 40% were using DPI; 23% reported co-morbid (HT/DM) condition and 27% reported occupational dust exposure while more than one-third (36%) reported hospitalization during last one-year due to disease condition. Inspite of clinical requirement, 45% were not taking inhaler therapy regularly and reasons elicited were lack of knowledge (32%), casual attitude (07%), financial constraints (04%) and stigma (01%). On a positive note, patients undertaking regular visit to doctors were also taking inhaler regularly (P < 0.05). However, these positive practices did not translate into satisfactory inhaler performance. Majority (93%) of patients were not taking inhaler as per standard procedure i.e., only three were found undertaking all the 13-steps for MDI while four were following all the 8-steps for DPI use. Mean score (steps undertaken) for MDI user was 6.71 (±3.3) with a range of 0-13 points and 4.4 (±2.4) with a range of 0-8 score for DPI user. On further evaluation, satisfactory performance (minimum essential steps) with regard to either inhaler device was demonstrated by 25% patients only and found to be statistically associated with those not reporting any co-morbidity (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Proper training and compliance could improve inhalation technique
Pattern and outcome of patients discharged from chest ward of a university hospital
No full textAim: To describe morbidity and mortality profile of patients discharged from chest ward of a university hospital. Materials and Methods: Prospectively selected information (age, gender, residence, length of stay, outcome and primary diagnosis) of all consecutive in-patients was recorded for six month reference period. Results: Out of 967 patients, mean age was 50.64 years (±15.71); M:F = 3.5:1; 81.3% were from rural area. Primary diagnosis was tuberculosis/sequel among 528 (54.60%) and non-TB among 439 (45.4%) patients (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases [COPD] - 20.3%; pneumonia - 15.8%; lung cancer - 5.0%; asthma - 1.6%; bronchiectasis - 0.9%, lung abscess - 0.8%, miscellaneous - 1.0%). Total deaths observed was 142 (14.7%) of all discharges and 54.25% of deaths occurred within 48 hours of admission suggesting criticality/late presentation; time distribution of death was similar considering 8-hourly period of 24-h cycle. Average length of stay for all patients was 6.91 (±5.14) days while it was 7.38 (±4.98) days for discharge live and 4.19 (±5.21) days for expired patients. Conclusion: Study provides a snapshot of patients discharged from chest ward that may aid in decision making, improving quality of care and initiation of educational activities at primary level
Bibliometric evaluation of published Indian research on “Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices”
No full textObjective: Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) based published Indian research on selected parameters.
Methodology: A bibliometric analysis of Indian KAP research manuscript published in journals indexed in PubMed for the last 2 years and/or published in Indian Journal of Community Medicine (IJCM) and Indian Journal of Public Health (IJPH) for the last 15 years (year 2000–2014) was undertaken under certain criteria.
Results: PubMed (n = 196) revealed maximum KAP research undertaken from the states of Karnataka (16.8%) followed by Delhi (9.6%), Maharashtra (9.1%), and more than two states (11.7%). There was poor reflection with no publication of KAP-based research from the states of Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Rajasthan, in IJCM and IJPH journals. The geographical representation of country through published manuscript in IJCM was slightly more diverse than IJPH and more than one-fourth manuscripts in IJPH were published from West Bengal only. It was evident that IJCM (n = 71) has published more KAP manuscripts than IJPH (n = 47). Higher proportion of community-based KAP research was published in IJPH (80.8%) than IJCM (57.7%). Highest single research domain in PubMed indexed journals was those related to oral cavity (14.2%) conducted by dental professionals while rest (85.8%) could be largely ascribed to community physician/public health personnel, etc. The first research domain was followed by family planning/contraceptives (6.1%), tobacco control (5.6%), and AIDS-HIV (5.1%), for the year 2013–2014. Highest KAP-based research domain of articles published in IJCM was those related to family planning/contraceptives (10.0%) followed by AIDS-HIV (8.5%) while it was tobacco (16.6%) and AIDS-HIV (14.5%) in IJPH. Number of authors/manuscript was slightly higher in journals indexed in PubMed (4.7) than IJCM (3.8) and IJPH (3.7). The average page/manuscript was higher in PubMed (6.4) indexed journals while it was similar in both Indian journal (IJCM [3.6] and IJPH [3.8]). Approximate time incurred in decision announcement toward acceptance of KAP manuscript (2000–2014) by IJCM from the date of submission was 7 months (median) while for comparison purpose, it was 6 months (median) for a sample of articles published during 2015.Average citations per KAP document within 2 years of publication were 1.9 (IJCM) and 1.2 (IJPH), respectively, in Google scholar.
Conclusion: This bibliometric study, probably first of its kind in India, provides objective snap-shot of diverse published research in the country that may also aid scholar to explore new avenues of KAP especially non-communicable diseases in future. In-addition, postgraduate training could lay emphasis on the use of bibliometrics
Maternal risk factors associated with term low birth weight in India: A review
No full textLow birth weight is one of the leading factors for infant morbidity and mortality. To a large extent affect, various maternal risk factors are associated with pregnancy outcomes by increasing odds of delivering an infant with low birth weight. Despite this association, understanding the maternal risk factors affecting term low birth weight has been a challenging task. To date, limited studies have been conducted in India that exert independent magnitude of these effects on term low birth weight. The aim of this review is to examine the current knowledge of maternal risk factors that contribute to term low birth weight in the Indian population. In order to identify the potentially relevant articles, an extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Goggle Scholar and IndMed databases (1993 – Dec 2020). Our results indicate that maternal age, educational status, socio-economic status, ethnicity, parity, pre-pregnancy weight, maternal stature, maternal body mass index, obstetric history, maternal anaemia, gestational weight gain, short pregnancy outcome, hypertension during pregnancy, infection, antepartum haemorrhage, tobacco consumption, maternal occupation, maternal psychological stress, alcohol consumption, antenatal care and mid-upper arm circumference have all independent effects on term low birth weight in the Indian population. Further, we argue that exploration for various other dimensions of maternal factors and underlying pathways can be useful for a better understanding of how it exerts independent association on term low birth weight in the Indian sub-continent
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