1,721,009 research outputs found
[Photograph 2012.201.B1050.0021]
No full textPhotograph used for a story in the Daily Oklahoman newspaper. Caption: "GREAT GRANDDAUGHTERS serving cake make her 94th birthday celebration complete tor Mrs. Ruby Perrine, OKC.
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No full textLe rêve est un phénomène fascinant et mystérieux de la cognition humaine. Identifier ses corrélats neurophysiologiques est un des grands défis actuels. Dans le but de mieux cerner les bases neurophysiologiques du rêve, et faute de pouvoir enregistrer l'activité cérébrale pendant un rêve (on ne sait pas quand le rêve est produit), nous avons comparé l'activité cérébrale de sujets qui rapportent souvent des rêves ("Rêveurs") et de sujets qui en rapportent rarement ("Non-Rêveurs"), pendant le sommeil et à l'éveil, avec des techniques de neuroimagerie (potentiels évoqués, PE; tomographie par émission de positons, TEP). D'après l'étude de PE, les Rêveurs et les Non-Rêveurs ont des réactivités cérébrales différentes. Notamment, nous avons montré que la réponse cérébrale d'orientation évoquée à l'éveil par des sons complexes, et son équivalent en sommeil N2, sont plus amples chez les Rêveurs que chez les Non-Rêveurs. Les résultats de l'étude TEP ont montré des différences d'activité cérébrale spontanée entre les deux groupes de sujets. Comparés aux Non-Rêveurs, les Rêveurs ont une activité augmentée dans la jonction temporo-pariétale et le cortex préfrontal médian, à l'éveil, et pendant le sommeil. Ces résultats montrent que Rêveurs et Non-Rêveurs ont des traits neurophysiologiques différents (leurs activités cérébrales spontanées et évoquées sont différentes à l'éveil et pendant le sommeil), et argumentent en faveur le l'hypothèse corticale du rêve. Le trait des Rêveurs, associé à une grande réactivité cérébrale et de nombreux éveils au cours de la nuit, pourrait faciliter l'encodage du rêve au moment des éveils nocturnes, et ainsi son rappel le matin au réveilDespite nearly one century of experimental research, dreaming is still a mystery of human cognition. Identifying the neurophysiological correlates of dreaming is a major issue. The challenge is the inability to localize when a dream occurs during the night. Therefore, in order to better understand the brain correlates of dreaming, we compared the brain activity of subjects with high and low dream report frequency ("Dreamers" vs "Non-Dreamers") during sleep and wakefulness using auditory evoked potentials (AEP) and positron emission tomography (PET). The AEP study showed that brain responses to complex sounds differ dramatically between the two groups during both wakefulness and sleep. Notably, the amplitude of the brain orienting response during wakefulness, and its equivalent in N2, were larger in Dreamers than in Non-Dreamers. The PET study showed that the spontaneous brain activity differs in the two groups during both wakefulness and sleep. In comparison with Non-Dreamers, Dreamers showed regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) increases in the temporo-parietal junction and the medial prefrontal cortex during both wakefulness and sleep. These results show that Dreamers and Non-Dreamers have different neurophysiological traits: spontaneous and evoked brain activity of Dreamers and Non-Dreamers differ during wakefulness and sleep. They argue in favor of the forebrain hypothesis of dreaming. The Dreamers' trait, associated with increased cerebral reactivity and awakenings during sleep, may facilitate the encoding of the dreams during nocturnal awakenings and as a result, increase the likelihood of dream recall in the morning after awakenin
Content and frequency of dream reports : psychological and neurophysiological correlates
No full textObjet de nombreuses spéculations religieuses ou philosophiques, le rêve reste encore l'une des grandes terra incognita de la cognition humaine.Une des questions récurrentes sur le rêve porte sur la grande variabilité de fréquence de rappel de rêve. En effet, alors que certaines personnes se souviennent de leurs rêves quotidiennement (« Rêveurs »), d'autres ne s'en souviennent que très rarement (« Non-rêveurs »). Le principal objectif de notre travail de thèse a été de caractériser les corrélats cérébraux et comportementaux de cette variabilité interindividuelle, en comparant entre ces deux groupes la structure du sommeil (Étude 1), mais aussi l'activité cérébrale pendant les minutes qui suivent le réveil (Étude 2). Nous avons entre autres montré que les « Rêveurs » faisaient preuve d'une plus grande connectivité fonctionnelle au sein du réseau par défaut et de régions impliquées dans des processus mnésiques dans les minutes suivant l'éveil, ce qui pourrait faciliter chez ces personnes le rappel et/ou la consolidation du rêve. Cette étude nous a également permis, grâce à l'analyse des nombreuses réponses obtenues au questionnaire de recrutement, de mesurer les habitudes de sommeil et de rêve chez un échantillon large d'étudiants de l'Université de Lyon 1 (Étude 3).Dans une quatrième étude comportementale, nous nous sommes intéressés au lien existant entre la vie éveillée et le contenu du rêve. Nos résultats ont permis de mieux caractériser les facteurs influençant la probabilité d'incorporation des évènements de la vie éveillée dans le rêve, et ont mis en évidence l'importance du rêve dans des processus de régulation émotionnelle.Finalement, en parallèle de ces travaux, nous nous sommes attachés au développement d'un logiciel gratuit de visualisation et d'analyse de tracés de polysomnographie, dont l'objectif est de fournir une interface intuitive et portable aux étudiants et chercheurs travaillant sur le sommeilSince the dawn of time, humans have sought to understand the nature and meaning of their dreams. However, despite millennia of philosophical speculation and more than a century of scientific exploration, several questions regarding dreams remain pending.One question that constitutes the core problematic of this thesis relates to why there are such individual differences in the frequency of dream recall, or in other words, why some people remember up to several dreams per morning (High-recallers, HR) while some hardly ever recall one (Low-recallers, LR). To characterize the cerebral and behavioral correlates of this variability, we compared the sleep microstructure (Study 1), as well as the brain functional connectivity in the minutes following awakeningfrom sleep, a period marked by sleep inertia (Study 2). Among other results, we have shown that just after awakening, HR demonstrated a greater functional connectivity within regions involved in memory processes (default mode network). We proposed that this reflect a differential neurophysiological profile, which could facilitate in HRthe retrieval of dream content upon awakening. Second, the numerous answers to the recruitment questionnaire of this study allowed us to conduct an epidemiological survey to characterize the sleep and dream habits of a large sample of French college students from Lyon 1 University (Study 3). In another study, we focused on the relationships between waking-life and dream content (Study 4). Our results enhanced and refined our comprehension of the factors influencing the likelihood of incorporation of waking-life elements into dreams, and provided support for the hypothesis of an active role of dreaming in emotional regulation.Lastly, we designed a free and open-source software dedicated to the visualization and analysis of polysomnographic recordings (Study 5), which aims at providing an intuitive and portable graphical interface to students and researchers working on slee
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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