7,940 research outputs found
Copyright, contratto e accesso alla conoscenza: un’analisi comparata = Copyright, contract and access to knowledge: a comparative analysis.
No full textIl processo di digitalizzazione e lo sviluppo dei media, stravolgendo il paradigma tradizionale del copyright/diritto d’autore conducono a reazioni opposte. Da un lato, estendendo in vario modo l’ampiezza dell’esclusiva autorale favoriscono l’adozione di regole restrittive di accesso e uso dei contenuti; dall’altro, alimentano le logiche di condivisione, specie in alcune aree di produzione del sapere.
Il contratto, pur mutata la propria natura nella dimensione digitale, rappresenta la prima leva per l’affermazione di tali divergenti dinamiche, che, in entrambe le direzioni, riguardano anche la circolazione della conoscenza scientifica. Nel senso dell’apertura, lo strumento negoziale consente di perseguire i principi affermati dal movimento dell’Open Access (OA), abbattendo le barriere economiche e giuridiche all’accesso e utilizzo dei contenuti.
Dal deposito e pubblicazione su archivi istituzionali e disciplinari di opere transitate già attraverso i canali editoriali convenzionali, comunemente definita green road, alla pubblicazione su riviste ad accesso aperto, gold road, il fenomeno si sviluppa dal basso verso l’alto grazie alle dichiarazioni di principio e alle norme informali che hanno sin ora guidato le comunità accademiche nell’affermazione dell’OA. Di recente, tuttavia, i principi dell’OA sono oggetto di attenzione da parte del decisore pubblico che, pur timidamente, ne “impone” l’attuazione a tutte le comunità accademiche. Eppure, il diritto formale non sembra da solo sufficiente: è soltanto il primo tassello di una disciplina organica tesa a definire regole e incentivi per la produzione e la disseminazione della conoscenza scientifica, allo scopo di bilanciare la libertà “accademica” con il diritto di accesso alla conoscenza. = ENGLISH VERSION = Along with a comparative perspective that takes account of the U.S. and Italian law, this work aims to explore the interface between copyright and contract lae in publishing process.
In the current publishing environment, contracts and technology play a dominant role in the exploitation of copyrighted works. Publishers are granted by assignment of all copyright rights to reproduce and publish the work, but also to exercise control over its contents through technological protection measures. At the same time, mass digitization allows libraries and other organizations to make contents available online, which it entails a redefinition of the traditional publishing process and introduces new players to the scene (e.g., Google Books).
Hence, technology proves to be a powerful instrument for the spread of knowledge and it is on this pattern that Open Access (OA) is rapidly gaining ground.
Mostly based on a bottom-up approach that is on soft law, institutional policies and contracts, OA designs a new legal environment targeting the objectives of free accessibility, further distribution, and proper archiving of publications. These aims can be achieved through the creation of new open access business models to publish on OA journals (gold road) or to self-archive in institutional or disciplinary repositories works that have been originally published in conventional journals (green road).
However, in order for OA to be fully developed it is necessary to devise a principled and feasible approach to the dissemination of scholarly works against the current social, economic and legal background.
Indeed, the importance of OA is steadily recognized by legislators who integrate OA provisions into their legal system. This is an innovation of great significance, which was first fostered in the USA, and then extended in some European countries such as Italy and Germany in the European framework. Nevertheless, considering the different law systems, the formal law need to be combined with national strategies and institutional policies providing adequate incentives to the authors, while also promoting academic freedom and the right to knowledge access
Technology as a factor in the development of special clothes
No full textThe paper is devoted to the scientific and technical solutions of an actual problem of developing protective clothes for aviation staff involved in emergency and rescue operations by improving its design-projecting. The professional and qualification activities of rescuers have been analyzed; the nomenclature of dangerous and harmful factors has been developed and the topography of their influence has been identified; the requirements for protective clothes and materials used for their production have been determined. Based on the conducted theoretical and experimental researches, the assortment range of protective clothes has been formed, and design and technology concepts of overalls with different levels of protection for localization and elimination of emergencies and their consequences have been developed
The housing market in the Russian Federation : privatization and its implications for market development
No full textThe author reviews sociological data on privatization and the development of a housing market in Russia through 1996. Using data from urban surveys largely unknown outside Russia, she also considers demand for housing and household mobility in Russia. Since early 1997 the Russian government has increasingly focused on housing reform. Current policy calls for a reduction (in stages) of housing subsidies (for which both owners and tenants of privatized apartments are eligible), with the goal of 100 percent cost recovery by 2003. But household incomes are not expected to rise commensurately, so housing's share of the household budget is likely to grow for most Russians. By the end of 1996 about 55 percent of Russian housing was privately owned. The rate of privatization peaked in Moscow in 1993 and has since abated considerably, essentially coming to a halt in 1996. The pattern was the same in smaller cities, but with a later starting date. Not surprisingly, high-quality apartments in city centers have much higher rates of privatization than lower-quality housing some distance from the center. Also affecting the decision to privatize are demographic characteristics of the occupants and household incomes, values, and education levels. Privatization has produced a far-from-uniform class of owners. The two groups most likely to have privatized their apartments--pensioners and the relatively well-off--have quite different effects on the housing market . Pensioners--the larger group--are generally not inclined to move and thus exert a negative effect on housing mobility. The well-off--a much smaller group--can be expected to participate actively in the housing market. There has been some movement toward a more efficient allocation of housing. Because of economic forces, part of the mover households moved from their original apartments to apartments that were somehow inferior. Moreover the housing market allows poorer households to find housing more in keeping with their ability and willingness to pay for it. Many renters in Russia have chosen not to privatize their apartments, influenced largely by the sense of"occupation rights"inherited from the former Soviet Union. Many Russians have little incentive to privatize their housing, but data from Moscow and two smaller cities indicate that market ideas about searching for housing are beginning to penetrate the Russian public's mentality.Real Estate Development,Land andReal Estate Development,Municipal Housing and Land,Banks&Banking Reform,Housing&Human Habitats,Housing&Human Habitats,Urban Housing,Municipal Housing and Land,Real Estate Development,Land and Real Estate Development
Chapter Alla cieca e il testimone di secondo grado
No full textThe essay focuses on the modalities adopted by Magris in his novel, Alla cieca, to merge literature and civil engagement through a fine narrative construction. By populating his writing with precise documentary research and taking advantage of the possibilities of invention, the author succeeds in giving voice to minimum destinies of History and save their high moral lesson. This can also be seen through a comparative reading of the pages of the novel dealing with Tito’s gulag, Goli Otok, and Scotti’s book, which is a historical reconstruction provided by witnesses of the events suffered by Italians who lived there
Research on technological classifications and application areas of smart wearable clothing
No full textThis study systematically reviews recent literature to categorize the
technological classifications and application domains of smart wearable clothing,
highlighting its diverse applications in health monitoring, sports assistance,
protection, fashion, and rehabilitation. From a design perspective, smart wearable
clothing is evolving from a "function-augmentation" model to an "experience-
immersion" paradigm. Designers must seamlessly integrate technological modules
into the language of fashion through synergistic innovations in technology
concealment, naturalized interaction, and aesthetic contextualization, ultimately
fostering a seamless symbiosis between humans, clothing, and the environment
Research on adaptive design of medical terminal interface from the perspective of user experience
No full textThe current intelligent medical terminal interface design has multiple
adaptation problems such as chaotic layout, complex operation, and insufficient
aging, which is difficult to meet the adaptability needs of multiple user groups.
Based on Norman's three-level theory of emotionalization, this study combined with
eye tracking technology and subjective scale assessment, and carried out
experimental analysis from three adaptive levels of perception, interaction and
emotion. The research results provide theoretical and practical support for aging
adaptation and user experience optimization of medical terminals
Research on the influence of visual perception and interaction stimulation on user emotional experience of intelligent vehicle center control interface
No full textThis paper investigates the design elements of intelligent vehicle center control interface that affect the driver's emotional experience from the visual and interaction levels. Based on the factor analysis of perceptual science, it is found that the design elements that enhance the driver's emotional experience and map to the visual perception of the central control interface are the presentation of functions in the form of cards, the presentation of icons in the form of components, and the presentation of color tones in multi-colors. Based on eye-tracking technology, simulated driving behavior experiments are conducted, and the study shows that familiar interaction modes and icons and the operating area within the driver's reach, and the layout structure combining the full screen and functional widgets can improve the driver's emotional experience
Research on the wisdom of Chinese traditional agricultural tools from the perspective of design studies
No full textIn order to clarify the reasons for the continuity of Chinese traditional design for thousands of years, traditional agricultural tools are used as an example to study the design wisdom contained in Chinese traditional design culture. Re-examining traditional Chinese agricultural tools from the perspective of the unity of technology and art in design science, and comparing traditional agricultural tools in three dimensions of time, region, and culture, such as form, function, craftsmanship, use, aesthetics and other multi-dimensional comparisons, the design process of traditional agricultural tool design is full of modernized design principles, i.e., the traditional agricultural tools are equipped with the design wisdom of the appropriateness of the use and the appropriateness of the human being
Дослідження дизайну носимих пристроїв для літніх людей
No full textWith the gradual aging of the population, the health management of the elderly has been increasingly emphasized, and smart wearable devices provide effective product service solutions with their convenience and interactivity. The reaseach explores the psychological and physiological needs of the elderly population through the literature analysis method, which must give full consideration to the changes in the visual perception of elderly users, and proposes a design strategy from the color and interaction design level of the product to ensure that the product is both practical and able to meet the personalized and emotional needs of the elderly.З поступовим старіння населення все більше уваги приділяється управлінню здоров'ям людей похилого віку, а носимі смарт-пристрої забезпечують ефективні рішення для вирішення цієї задачі завдяки своїй зручності та інтерактивності. У дослідженні проаналізовано психологічні та фізіологічні потреби людей похилого віку на основі літературних джерел, встановлено, що смарт-пристрої повинні повністю враховувати зміни у візуальному сприйнятті літніх користувачів. Запропонована стратегія дизайну на рівні кольору та взаємодії продукту з метою гарантування одночасної практичності виробу та його здатності задовольнити персоналізовані та емоційні потреби людей похилого віку
Research on the detail design of everyday objects applying leather elements
No full textLeather elements have been used in everyday items since ancient times. In
the design of these items, leather is used as one of the attributes of the product to
provide the following functions: to protect the product and the user, to expand and
improve the user experience and brand value, to enhance the design of everyday
items using leather elements. It has been established that through the combination
of materials, the difference in colors and textures and other design methods of
leather elements applied to everyday items, it is possible to effectively improve their
functional structure, increase recognition and uniqueness in the market
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