1,720,992 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Transcriptional control of energy metabolism: studies on FXR and PGC-1á
No full textTese de doutoramento, Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tenologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014Sedentary lifestyles, combined with an environment of caloric abundance, have led to a
remarkable increase in the incidence of obesity and diabetes. The resistance to insulin action
observed in type 2 diabetes is a complex and multifactorial metabolic disorder. Several
factors have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, including systemic
low-grade inflammation and ectopic lipid accumulation. The transcriptional regulators FXR
and PGC-1α have been shown to promote beneficial effects on energy metabolism, which can
be explored to improve metabolic status in settings of insulin resistance. Here, we show that
FXR regulates hepatic metabolism in an isoform-dependent manner. Expression of each
human FXR variant in primary hepatocytes promoted robust and discrete changes in target
gene expression. Importantly, expression of FXRα2 and FXRα4 decreased hepatocyte lipid
accumulation and improved insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, FXRα2 expression increased
fatty acid oxidation and β-hydroxybutyrate production. In line with these observations, we
observed that FXR splicing was dynamically regulated in mouse liver in response to fasting
and physical exercise, with an increase in the relative expression of FXRα2. In addition, FXR
expression is elevated in white adipose tissue of skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α1 transgenic
mice (MCK-PGC-1α1) and regulates adipocyte expression of major lipolytic mediators.
Finally, we show that PGC-1α1 promotes an anti-inflammatory biological response in
skeletal muscle, repressing the classical NFκB pathway. MCK-PGC-1α1 mice have
decreased IKKβ, p50 and p65 expression, which is accompanied by a strong increase in IκBα
protein levels. Importantly, PGC-1α1 enhances insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in
cultured myotubes upon pro-inflammatory stimulation. Taken together, our results suggest
that FXRα2 and PGC-1α1 improve metabolic conditions implicated in the development of
insulin resistance and therefore are attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesityassociated
metabolic disorders.O sedentarismo e o elevado consumo calórico têm conduzido a um aumento alarmante na
incidência de obesidade e diabetes. A resistência à acção da insulina, que ocorre em diabetes
tipo 2, é uma anomalia metabólica complexa e multifactorial. Vários factores estão
associados ao desenvolvimento de resitência à insulina, incluindo inflamação sistémica e
acumulação ectópica de lípidos. Os reguladores transcricionais FXR e PGC-1α promovem
efeitos benéficos ao nível do metabolismo energético, que podem ser explorados para
melhorar a condição metabólica em estados de resitência à insulina. Nestes estudos,
demonstramos que a regulação exercida pelo FXR ao nível do metabolismo lipídico em
hepatócitos depende da isoforma expressa. A expressão de cada isoforma do FXR em
hepatócitos primários promove alterações distintas na expressão de genes alvo. A expressão
de FXRα2 ou FXRα4 diminui a acumulação lipídica em hepatócitos, o que resulta num
aumento da sensibilidade à insulina. Ademais, a expressão de FXRα2 promove a oxidação de
ácidos gordos e produção de β-hidroxibutirato. Em linha com estas observações, o splicing do
FXR é alterado em situações de jejum e exercício físico, com um aumento da expressão
relativa de FXRα2. Também observámos que a expressão do FXR se encontra elevada no
tecido adiposo de ratinhos com expressão transgénica de PGC-1α1 especificamente no
músculo esquelético (MCK-PGC-1α1), participando na regulação de importantes fatores
lipolíticos. Finalmente, PGC-1α1 promove uma resposta anti-inflamatória em músculo
esquelético, caracterizada por um decréscimo na expressão de IKKβ, p50 e p65 e por um
aumento dos níveis proteicos de IκBα, o que sugere um decréscimo significativo na atividade
do sistema NFκB. Estas alterações resultam num aumento de sensibilidade à insulina em
miotubos submetidos a estímulos pro-inflamatórios. Estes resultados sugerem que FXRα2 e
PGC-1α1 promovem melhorias em condições metabólicas associadas com o desenvolvimento
de resistência à insulina, sendo portanto alvos terapêuticos interessantes para o tratamento de
doenças metabólicas associadas à obesidade.Fundação Para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT): SFRH/BD/44825/200
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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