12 research outputs found
Adherence to Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Therapies for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textSuccessful treatment outcomes for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires high levels of adherence to treatment. We searched three databases and abstracts from two conferences up to January 2018 for studies reporting the proportion of patients who were adherent to HBV antiviral therapy and pooled data using random effects meta-analysis. We included 30 studies, providing data for 23,823 patients. Overall, adherence to treatment was 74.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 67.1%-82.1%). Adherence was similar in high-income settings (75.1%; 95% CI, 65.4%-85.0%) and in low-income and middle-income settings (72.9%; 95% CI, 57.8%-88.0%). Reported barriers to adherence included forgetting, limited understanding of the importance of adherence, and change to routine. \ud
Conclusion\ud
: There is a need to reinforce assessment and reporting of adherence as a routine part of HBV care and to assess the extent to which evidence-based interventions to improve adherence to medication for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and other chronic diseases are effective for HBV infection
Czasowe złoża stylowe we współczesnym modlitewniku
No full textNeologism ‘temporary stylistic deposits’ used in the title allows surmounting the phe- nomenon of stylistic polymorphism of a contemporary prayer book designed for youth in the temporalistic perspective.The author concentrates on two tendencies: stylistic traditionalism (conservatism) and stylistic modemism.The first tendency means reaching for the attributes of the traditional religious style, both in forms of utterances as well as language forms that have existed in religious utte- rances for centuries.The modemisational tendencies are linked to introduction in prayer texts contemporary life realia (computers, the internet), and colloquial or even slang wording.The article affirms the author’s thesis on coexistence in the contemporary religious di- scourse of utterances that have originated in various epochs
Czasowe złoża stylowe we współczesnym modlitewniku
No full textNeologism ‘temporary stylistic deposits’ used in the title allows surmounting the phe- nomenon of stylistic polymorphism of a contemporary prayer book designed for youth in the temporalistic perspective.The author concentrates on two tendencies: stylistic traditionalism (conservatism) and stylistic modemism.The first tendency means reaching for the attributes of the traditional religious style, both in forms of utterances as well as language forms that have existed in religious utte- rances for centuries.The modemisational tendencies are linked to introduction in prayer texts contemporary life realia (computers, the internet), and colloquial or even slang wording.The article affirms the author’s thesis on coexistence in the contemporary religious di- scourse of utterances that have originated in various epochs
Classifying seabed sediment type using simulated tidal-induced bed shear stress
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is freely available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.An ability to estimate the large-scale spatial variability of seabed sediment type in the absence of extensive observational data is valuable for many applications. In some physical (e.g., morphodynamic) models, knowledge of seabed sediment type is important for inputting spatially-varying bed roughness, and in biological studies, an ability to estimate the distribution of seabed sediment benefits habitat mapping (e.g., scallop dredging). Although shelf sea sediment motion is complex, driven by a combination of tidal currents, waves, and wind-driven currents, in many tidally energetic seas, such as the Irish Sea, long-term seabed sediment transport is dominated by tidal currents. We compare observations of seabed sediment grain size from 242 Irish Sea seabed samples with simulated tidal-induced bed shear stress from a three-dimensional tidal model (ROMS) to quantitatively define the relationship between observed grain size and simulated bed shear stress. With focus on the median grain size of well-sorted seabed sediment samples, we present predictive maps of the distribution of seabed sediment classes in the Irish Sea, ranging from mud to gravel. When compared with the distribution of well-sorted sediment classifications (mud, sand and gravel) from the British Geological Survey digital seabed sediment map of Irish Sea sediments (DigSBS250), this 'grain size tidal current proxy' (GSTCP) correctly estimates the observed seabed sediment classification in over 73% of the area.Funding was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through grant NE/I527853/1 (Ph.D. studentship to SLW). The authors are grateful for access to the seabed sediment sample data and would like to acknowledge colleagues collecting and preparing these data through the projects HABMAP, SWISS, IMAGIN, ADFISH, and various projects led by the JNCC, as well as Hilmar Hinz, Lee Murray and Gwladys Lambert for work undertaken on a project funded by the Isle of Man Government (Department of Environment, Food and Agriculture). The author acknowledges modelling support from Patrick Timko and Reza Hashemi. The digital seabed sediment map (DigSBS250) was kindly made available by the BGS. The model simulations were undertaken on High Performance Computing (HPC) Wales, a collaboration between Welsh universities, the Welsh Government and Fujitsu
Sensitivity of palaeotidal models of the northwest European shelf seas to glacial isostatic adjustment since the Last Glacial Maximum
No full textThis is the final version of the article. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.The spatial and temporal distribution of relative sea-level change over the northwest European shelf seas has varied considerably since the Last Glacial Maximum, due to eustatic sea-level rise and a complex isostatic response to deglaciation of both near- and far-field ice sheets. Because of the complex pattern of relative sea level changes, the region is an ideal focus for modelling the impact of significant sea-level change on shelf sea tidal dynamics. Changes in tidal dynamics influence tidal range, the location of tidal mixing fronts, dissipation of tidal energy, shelf sea biogeochemistry and sediment transport pathways. Significant advancements in glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modelling of the region have been made in recent years, and earlier palaeotidal models of the northwest European shelf seas were developed using output from less well-constrained GIA models as input to generate palaeobathymetric grids. We use the most up-to-date and well-constrained GIA model for the region as palaeotopographic input for a new high resolution, three-dimensional tidal model (ROMS) of the northwest European shelf seas. With focus on model output for 1 ka time slices from the Last Glacial Maximum (taken as being 21 ka BP) to present day, we demonstrate that spatial and temporal changes in simulated tidal dynamics are very sensitive to relative sea-level distribution. The new high resolution palaeotidal model is considered a significant improvement on previous depth-averaged palaeotidal models, in particular where the outputs are to be used in sediment transport studies, where consideration of the near-bed stress is critical, and for constraining sea level index points.Funding was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council through grant NE/I527853/1 (Ph.D. studentship to SLW). The author acknowledges modelling support from Patrick Timko and Reza Hashemi. The model simulations were undertaken on High Performance Computing (HPC) Wales, a collaboration between Welsh universities, the Welsh Government and Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe. The authors also thank one anonymous reviewer and Dayton Dove for their thoughtful comments, and thorough and constructive reviews
Reconstructing past seasonal to multi-centennial scale variability in the NE Atlantic Ocean using the long-lived marine bivalve mollusc Glycymeris glycymeris
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from AGU via the DOI in this record.The lack of long-term, highly resolved (annual to sub-annual) and absolutely dated baseline records of marine variability extending beyond the instrumental period (last ~50-100 years) hinders our ability to develop a comprehensive understanding of the role the ocean plays in the climate system. Specifically, without such records, it remains difficult to fully quantify the range of natural climate variability mediated by the ocean, and to robustly attribute recent changes to anthropogenic or natural drivers. Here we present a 211-year (1799-2010 CE; all dates hereafter are common era) seawater temperature (SWT) reconstruction from the northeast Atlantic Ocean derived from absolutely dated, annually resolved, oxygen isotope ratios recorded in the shell carbonate (δ18Oshell) of the long-lived marine bivalve mollusc Glycymeris glycymeris. The annual record was calibrated using sub-annually resolved δ18Oshell values drilled from multiple shells covering the instrumental period. Calibration verification statistics and spatial correlation analyses indicate that the δ18Oshell record contains significant skill at reconstructing Northeast Atlantic Ocean mean summer SWT variability associated with changes in sub-polar gyre (SPG) dynamics and the North Atlantic Current. Reconciling differences between the δ18Oshell data and corresponding growth increment width chronology demonstrates that 68% of the variability in G. glycymeris shell growth can be explained by the combined influence of biological productivity and SWT variability. These data suggest G. glycymeris can provide seasonal to multi-centennial absolutely dated baseline records of past marine variability that will lead to the development of a quantitative understanding of the role the marine environment plays in the global climate system.This work was supported by the NERC-funded CLAM project; (Project No. NE/N001176/1)
Reconstruction of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) recruitment in the North Sea for the past 455 years based on the δ13C from annual shell increments of the ocean quahog (Arctica islandica)
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this recordnderstanding the recruitment variability of the Atlantic herring North Sea stock remains a key objective of stock assessment and management. Although many efforts have been undertaken linking climatic and stock dynamic factors to herring recruitment, no major attempt has been made to estimate recruitment levels before the 20th century. Here, we present a novel annually resolved, absolutely dated herring recruitment reconstruction, derived from stable carbon isotope geochemistry (δ13C), from ocean quahog shells from the Fladen Ground (northern North Sea). Our age model is based on a growth increment chronology obtained from fourteen shells. Ten of these were micromilled at annual resolution for δ13C analysis. Our results indicate that the anthropogenically driven relative depletion of 13C, the oceanic Suess effect (oSE), became evident in the northern North Sea in the 1850s. We calculated a regression line between the oSE‐detrended δ13C results (δ13CṠ) and diatom abundance in the North Sea, the regression being mediated by the effect of phytoplankton on the δ13C of the ambient dissolved inorganic carbon. We used this regression to build an equation mediated by a nutritional link to reconstruct herring recruitment using δ13CṠ. The reconstruction suggests that there were five extended episodes of low‐recruitment levels before the 20th century. These results are supported by measured recruitment estimates and historical fish catch and export documentation. This work demonstrates that molluscan sclerochronological records can contribute to the investigation of ecological baselines and ecosystem functioning impacted by anthropogenic activity with implications for conservation and stock management.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)FP7 People: Marie‐Curie Action
Implications of 36Cl exposure ages from Skye, northwest Scotland for the timing of ice stream deglaciation and deglacial ice dynamics
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.Geochronological constraints on the deglaciation of former marine based ice streams provide information on the rates and modes by which marine based ice sheets have responded to external forcing factors such as climate change. This paper presents new 36 Cl cosmic ray exposure dating from boulders located on two moraines (Glen Brittle and Loch Scavaig) in southern Skye, northwest Scotland. Ages from the Glen Brittle moraines constrain deglaciation of a major marine terminating ice stream, the Barra-Donegal Ice Stream that drained the former British-Irish Ice Sheet, depending on choice of production method and scaling model this occurred 19.9 ± 1.5–17.6 ± 1.3 ka ago. We compare this timing of deglaciation to existing geochronological data and changes in a variety of potential forcing factors constrained through proxy records and numerical models to determine what deglaciation age is most consistent with existing evidence. Another small section of moraine, the Scavaig moraine, is traced offshore through multibeam swath-bathymetry and interpreted as delimiting a later stillstand/readvance stage following ice stream deglaciation. Additional cosmic ray exposure dating from the onshore portion of this moraine indicate that it was deposited 16.3 ± 1.3–15.2 ± 0.9 ka ago. When calculated using the most up-to-date scaling scheme this time of deposition is, within uncertainty, the same as the timing of a widely identified readvance, the Wester Ross Readvance, observed elsewhere in northwest Scotland. This extends the area over which this readvance has potentially occurred, reinforcing the view that it was climatically forced.We thank Joe Licciardi for laboratory access at the University of New Hampshire, USA and preparation of 36Cl targets. The French national AMS facility ASTER (CEREGE, Aix en Provence) is supported by the INSU/CNRS, the ANR through the “Projets thématiques d'excellence” program for the “Equipments d'excellence” ASTER-CEREGE action, IRD and CEA. We would like to thank Shasta Marrero for helpful and informative discussion on the CRONUScalc online calculator. DS was supported by a SAGES studentship and fieldwork by funds from the QRA and BSG. Detailed comments from two anonymous reviewers have improved the quality and clarity of this manuscript
Deglacial to postglacial palaeoenvironments of the Celtic Sea: Lacustrine conditions versus a continuous marine sequence
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Recent work on the last glaciation of the British Isles has led to an improved understanding of the nature and timing of the retreat of the British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) from its southern maximum (Isles of Scilly), northwards into the Celtic and Irish seas. However, the nature of the deglacial environments across the Celtic Sea shelf, the extent of subaerial exposure and the existence (or otherwise) of a contiguous terrestrial linkage between Britain and Ireland following ice retreat remains ambiguous. Multiproxy research, based on analysis of 12 BGS vibrocores from the Celtic Deep Basin (CDB), seeks to address these issues. CDB cores exhibit a shell-rich upward fining sequence of Holocene marine sand above an erosional contact cut in laminated muds with infrequent lonestones. Molluscs, in situ Foraminifera and marine diatoms are absent from the basal muds, but rare damaged freshwater diatoms and foraminiferal linings occur. Dinoflagellate cysts and other non-pollen palynomorphs evidence diverse, environmentally incompatible floras with temperate, boreal and Arctic glaciomarine taxa co-occurring. Such multiproxy records can be interpreted as representing a retreating ice margin, with reworking of marine sediments into a lacustrine basin. Equally, the same record may be interpreted as recording similar conditions within a semi-enclosed marine embayment dominated by meltwater export and deposition of reworked microfossils. As assemblages from these cores contrast markedly with proven glaciomarine sequences from outside the CDB, a glaciolacustrine interpretation is favoured for the laminated sequence, truncated by a Late Weichselian transgressive sequence fining upwards into fully marine conditions. Reworked rare intertidal molluscs from immediately above the regional unconformity provide a minimum date c.13.9cal. ka BP for commencement of widespread marine erosion. Although suggestive of glaciolacustrine conditions, the exact nature and timing of laminated sediment deposition within the CDB, and the implications this has on (pen)insularity of Ireland following deglaciation, remain elusive. © 2013 The Boreas Collegium.Funded by NERC PhD research studentship grant. Grant Number: GT04/97/289/ES;
two NSERC-funded radiocarbon allocations. Grant Numbers: 746/0898, 814/0999;
MacEwan Universit
На службе у великих задач: фальшивки в турецкой политике Речи Посполитой XVII в.
No full textС т аття присвячена фальшив кам та їх використ анн ю у
антитурецькому дискурсі у Речі Посполитій 17 ст. Наведено приклади фальшивих
документів різних видів: листів від султана до короля Речі Посполитої, взаємного листування монархів, султанських листів до шляхетського загалу, фальшивих угод
про утворення антитурецької християнської коаліції. Незалежно від адресата, такі
тексти мали справляти вплив на політичне життя Польсько-литовської держави та
підштовхнути Варшаву до війни із Османською імперією.Статья посвящена фальшивкам и их использованию в политическом
дискурсе Речи Посполитой 17 в. Приведены примеры фальшивых документов разных
видов: писем султана королю Речи Посполитой, корреспонденции между монархами,
писем султ ан а к польской шляхте, фаль шивых согл ашен ий о создан ии
общ еевропейской христианс кой ан титурецкой коалиции. В независимости от
адресата, такие документы должны были влиять на политическую жизнь Польско-
литовского государства и подталкивать Варшаву к войне с Османской империей.Falsi f i cat ions and t hei r usage i n ant i -Turki sh di scourse i n t he
Commonwealth of 16-17 centuries are under analysis in the article. Position of the nobility
played an important role in the political system of the Commonwealth, because it was the
gentry that approved all the decisions of the monarch. Different methods including false
documents were used to influence and formulate public opinion. This group of documents
included letters from the Sultan to the King of the Commonwealth, false correspondence
between monarchs, sultan letters to the gentry, false agreements on the formation of an
anti-Turkish Christian coalition.
The first paper that is analyzed in the article is a letter from the Persian Shah Abbas
to King Sigismund. Letter dated November 22, 1605. The letter is probably connected with
the attempts of the Habsburgs to draw the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to the
anti-Turkish league, which Vienna tried to organized in the early 17th century. The
text was written on the eve of the Sejm in order to promote the idea of an offensive
war against the Ottoman Empire.
In another false letter from the Sultan to Sigismund III dated July 26, 1618, the
author accuses Polish King of trying to break peace and to start war between the
Porta and Warsaw.
Another kind of false documents is information about alliance of Christian states for
the war against the Turks. For example, Martin Pashkovsky used such information in his
poe m in 1620. The poet appe al ed on the Pol es t o join i n a joint st ruggle . False
correspondence between monarchs of different states and the sultan well known in European
countries. Such letters contained peace proposals, threats etc. In my opinion, the spread of
false correspondence with the Sultan indicated the importance of the problem of the Turkish
threat for European politics.
Depending on the purpose, the form of forgery was determined as well as the time of
its promulgation. Falsifications were often spread before the Sejm. Irrespective of the
addressee, such texts were supposed to have an impact on the political life of the Polish-
Lithuanian state and push Warsaw to the war with the Ottoman Empire.
Some of the fakes had a long history and were used several times over the years
