38 research outputs found
Implikasi Hukum Terhadap Akta Autentik yang Dinyatakan Palsu Dalam Putusan Nomor 2370/Pid.B/2021/PN.Sby
No full textPemalsuan tidak hanya melanggar norma hukum, tetapi juga mencerminkan hilangnya kesadaran moral pelaku. Dengan sengaja membuat keterangan palsu dalam suatu dokumen resmi menunjukkan adanya niat jahat untuk menipu dan merugikan orang lain. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah bagaimana tanggung jawab atas terjadinya pemalsuan isi akta dan tanda tangan yang dilakukan para pihak oleh notaris dan penghadap pada Putusan PN Surabaya No. 2370/Pid.B/2021/PN.Sby dan bagaimana implikasi hukum terhadap akta otentik yang dinyatakan palsu dalam Putusan PN Surabaya No. 2370/Pid.B/2021/PN.Sby. Metode penelitiannya adalah penelitia hukum yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Notaris, sebagai pejabat publik yang diberi wewenang untuk menyusun akta otentik sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam undang-undang, memiliki tanggung jawab atas akta yang dibuatnya. UUJN memang tidak secara khusus mengatur sanksi pidana bagi notaris yang melakukan pelanggaran. Namun, hal ini tidak berarti bahwa seorang notaris kebal hukum. Jika perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh seorang notaris memenuhi unsur-unsur suatu tindak pidana, misalnya dengan sengaja mencantumkan keterangan palsu dalam akta yang dibuatnya, maka ia dapat dijerat dengan sanksi pidana sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Sebagai pejabat umum yang diberi kewenangan untuk membuat akta otentik, notaris memiliki tanggung jawab yang besar untuk memastikan kebenaran dan keabsahan dari setiap akta yang dibuatnya. Pelanggaran terhadap kewajiban ini tidak hanya berdampak pada sanksi administratif atau sanksi kode etik, tetapi juga dapat berujung pada tuntutan pidana. Akibat hukum terhadap akta otentik yang sengaja mencantumkan keterangan palsu adalah bahwa akta tersebut akan batal demi hukum melalui putusan pengadilan, dan akta tersebut akan kehilangan kekuatan pembuktian sebagai akta otentik, berubah menjadi akta di bawah tangan
Implikasi Hukum Terhadap Akta Autentik yang Dinyatakan Palsu Dalam Putusan Nomor 2370/Pid.B/2021/PN.Sby
No full textPemalsuan tidak hanya melanggar norma hukum, tetapi juga mencerminkan hilangnya kesadaran moral pelaku. Dengan sengaja membuat keterangan palsu dalam suatu dokumen resmi menunjukkan adanya niat jahat untuk menipu dan merugikan orang lain. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah bagaimana tanggung jawab atas terjadinya pemalsuan isi akta dan tanda tangan yang dilakukan para pihak oleh notaris dan penghadap pada Putusan PN Surabaya No. 2370/Pid.B/2021/PN.Sby dan bagaimana implikasi hukum terhadap akta otentik yang dinyatakan palsu dalam Putusan PN Surabaya No. 2370/Pid.B/2021/PN.Sby. Metode penelitiannya adalah penelitia hukum yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Notaris, sebagai pejabat publik yang diberi wewenang untuk menyusun akta otentik sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam undang-undang, memiliki tanggung jawab atas akta yang dibuatnya. UUJN memang tidak secara khusus mengatur sanksi pidana bagi notaris yang melakukan pelanggaran. Namun, hal ini tidak berarti bahwa seorang notaris kebal hukum. Jika perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh seorang notaris memenuhi unsur-unsur suatu tindak pidana, misalnya dengan sengaja mencantumkan keterangan palsu dalam akta yang dibuatnya, maka ia dapat dijerat dengan sanksi pidana sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Sebagai pejabat umum yang diberi kewenangan untuk membuat akta otentik, notaris memiliki tanggung jawab yang besar untuk memastikan kebenaran dan keabsahan dari setiap akta yang dibuatnya. Pelanggaran terhadap kewajiban ini tidak hanya berdampak pada sanksi administratif atau sanksi kode etik, tetapi juga dapat berujung pada tuntutan pidana. Akibat hukum terhadap akta otentik yang sengaja mencantumkan keterangan palsu adalah bahwa akta tersebut akan batal demi hukum melalui putusan pengadilan, dan akta tersebut akan kehilangan kekuatan pembuktian sebagai akta otentik, berubah menjadi akta di bawah tangan
INDIGENOUS FIRE MANAGEMENT: LEGAL ANALYSIS AND LOCAL WISDOM IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
No full text<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This study aims to analyze the position of the Press Council as a quasi rechtpraak in press freedom in Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative method. The results showed that the handling of press cases involved special institutions that were not found in law enforcement in other cases, both ordinary and extraordinary crimes. The special institution referred to is the Press Council. According to the provisions of Article 5 paragraph (2) Law Number 40 of 1999 concerning the Press, the functions of the Press Council include determining and supervising the implementation of the Journalistic Code of Ethics and providing considerations and seeking to resolve public complaints on cases related to press coverage. However, if the case in question has been handled by the police, the Press Council will not handle the complaint. The mechanism through the Press Law has been recognized, and even based on a number of legal considerations in the Constitutional Court's decision, a case of press coverage without or not initiated through the process of using the Right to Reply or until settlement through the Press Council, is deemed incompatible with the Press Law and lawsuit or conviction. Over the case is likely to be defeated.</p>
THE POSITION OF THE PRESS COUNCIL AS QUASI-RECHTPRAAK IN PRESS FREEDOM IN INDONESIA
No full text<p><i><strong>Abstract</strong></i></p><p><i>This study aims to analyze the position of the Press Council as a quasi rechtpraak in press freedom in Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative method. The results showed that the handling of press cases involved special institutions that were not found in law enforcement in other cases, both ordinary and extraordinary crimes. The special institution referred to is the Press Council. According to the provisions of Article 5 paragraph (2) Law Number 40 of 1999 concerning the Press, the functions of the Press Council include determining and supervising the implementation of the Journalistic Code of Ethics and providing considerations and seeking to resolve public complaints on cases related to press coverage. However, if the case in question has been handled by the police, the Press Council will not handle the complaint. The mechanism through the Press Law has been recognized, and even based on a number of legal considerations in the Constitutional Court's decision, a case of press coverage without or not initiated through the process of using the Right to Reply or until settlement through the Press Council, is deemed incompatible with the Press Law and lawsuit or conviction. Over the case is likely to be defeated.</i></p>
Towards a Robust Component Transfer Path Analysis Method: Application and Validation in Automotive Research
No full textA robust Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) procedure is presented to predict the transmitted vibrations of a steering gear in BMW vehicles in a multi-kHz range. The internal excitation forces are characterised as a set of equivalent forces on the interface of the active component. These equivalent forces are determined from force and acceleration measurements at the interface of the active component and a test bench. The response of the total system is calculated with the dynamic properties at the component interface onwards to a point of interest in the vehicle. Two equivalent force determination schemes are applied on two test benches with different dynamic properties. The first method relies on direct interface force measurements, whereas the second procedure is based on a matrix inverse procedure on the assembly of the steering gear and the test bench. It is shown that these equivalent forces are indeed a property of the active component only. All methods use the virtual point transformation to build a nodal description on interfaces of the structures. This is a crucial step in Dynamic Substructuring (DS) for the connectivity between the substructures. The projection of measured Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) on local rigid interface displacement modes in a user-specified virtual point, which allow to determine rotational degrees of freedom, that are in practice unmeasurable, yet crucial for the connectivity. Pre-analysis on the transformation to interface degrees of freedom and a sufficient over-determination, enhance noise suppression and mode observability. This method is validated by means of a benchmark of three identical vehicles of which the virtual point dynamics are determined on the interface of the steering gear and the vehicle. For a robust prediction and to get grip on the uncertainties in the analyses, all steps are evaluated separately and qualified with performance indicators.Precision and Microsystems EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Expanding the Abalities of Impact Testing for Rubber Characterization: Using an inverse approach for extracting material properties
No full textVibrations are experienced as unwanted dynamic motions and the industry takes a lot of care to reduce these motions to improve comfort and to increase vehicle component durability. The properties of rubber, being generally soft while showing large inherent damping, makes the material a perfect choice to use in vibration isolators. To minimize vibrations the transfer path from vibrational source to the driver almost always includes a highly damped material like rubber. With the current trend of electrification in the automotive industry, higher order vibrations are becoming more pronounced. Although the produced sound is not of a high octave with respect to traditional combustion engines, they are experienced as unpleasant. Considering a large frequency range, the dynamic characterization of a rubber object is proven to be a difficult topic. In the search of improved rubber characterization new methods arise. The goal of this research is to provide a new approach for extracting material properties from the experimental impact method. Literature research is done on the rubber specific behaviour and how this affects the modelling approach. In the research itself both numerical and experimental characterization is used. Through impact testing the receptance of the rubber object is measured and by applying inverse substructuring the dynamic stiffness is obtained. The Finite Element model is used to directly obtain the dynamic stiffness. The numerical and experimental results are made comparable by applying the virtual point transformation method. With the finite element material model being the optimization variable, the numerical dynamic stiffness is optimized to match the experimental results. The rubber properties are obtained from the optimized material model. The presented inverse approach makes it possible to use the impact method for characterizing rubber material properties. It therefore broadens the abilities of impact testing used for rubber characterization. With the new method the drivingpoint properties can be predicted which do not depend on complex decoupling methods. The obtained material properties are material, but not geometry related. The findings can be used for different geometries of the same rubber. The new approach has the ability to significantly reduce experimental effort because the material properties can be extracted from one single loadcase, whereas the experimental should excite all loadcases to fully characterize the dynamic stiffness
Improving Inverse Substructuring
No full textThe electrification of drive trains in current and next generation vehicles require vibration dampers that possess different dynamic properties than its internal combustion engine counterparts. This makes research in automotive vibration damping a hot topic. Research in this field often contains the practice of Frequency Based Substructuring (FBS) in which dynamics of individual components can be used to predict dynamics of an assembly or vice versa. A method to incorporate vibration dampers in FBS is the practice of Full Decoupling but this can be a time consuming and cumbersome exercise so the alternative method of Inverse Substructuring was developed. This approach is quicker and simpler but suffers from shortcomings as underestimating stiffness and neglecting some DoF relations. In this thesis an improvement on this technique is proposed by making use of the geometrical shape of the vibration isolator. This results in better prediction of the dynamics of the vibration isolator in most directions however the dynamicist should make a decision if this simpler method of Improved Inverse Substructuring is more suitable for the application over Full Decoupling.Mechanical Engineering | Vehicle Engineerin
The effect of perturbation properties on system identification of human balance control during stance
No full textIntroduction: System identification of the neuromuscular controller that regulates human balance, gives insight in the causes and effects of human balance disorders. The combination of varying perturbation properties in literature and lack of rationale behind chosen perturbation properties, reveals possible violations of assumptions made to perform system identification. This study investigates the effect of number of repetitions of the perturbation signal and the perturbation amplitude on the identification quality. Methods: 12 subjects were perturbed at their support surface with a multisine signal. Kinematics of the subjects were recorded with a motion capture system; ground reaction forces were recorded with force plates. The best linear approximation of the neuromuscular controller was identified. Measures for variability of identification with respect to the number of repetitions and for nonlinearity with respect to the perturbation amplitude were calculated. Results: Identification variability was found to significantly decrease with number of repetitions. Nonlinearity within the neuromuscular controller increased significantly with perturbation amplitude. Conclusions: After having measured 6-8 repetitions, measuring subsequent repetitions does not decrease identification variability significantly for the following 6-7 repetitions. The balance between suppressing noise effects by using a high amplitude perturbation and minimising nonlinear effects by using a low amplitude perturbation was identified to be optimized between a perturbation signal amplitude of 8 cm PtP and 11 cm PtP.Biomedical Engineerin
Perturbation training to reduce fall risk in elderly: validating the quantified recovery performance measure by means of the assessment by physiotherapists
No full textImplementation of perturbation training for elderly requires a validated measure to quantify someone’s ability to recoverwhen encountering a perturbation. A quantified recovery performance has been constructed for the anteroposterior(QRPAP) and for mediolateral (QRPML) plane, the QRPAP and QRPML reflect the amount of deviation of the center ofpressure trajectory from the unperturbed walking pattern. The QRPAP and QRPML were calculated for eleven elderlysubjects (>65 years), who experienced 66 perturbations (accelerations and decelerations) during treadmill walking.The constructed QRPAP and QRPML were validated in this study (1) by comparing them to the rated recovery performance(RRT) as provided by physiotherapists and (2) by studying how they were affected by an increased specifieddifficulty (SpD) of perturbations. The used perturbation characteristics for the SpD’s were validated with the perceiveddifficulty (PD) as reported by the subjects for each perturbation. A positive relation confirmed the increase of PD withan increase of SpD. Both for the QRPAP and the QRPML a positive relation was found with the RRP and a negative relationwas found with the SpD. The QRPAP showed a stronger relation with the RRP and was found to be more sensitivewhen compared to the QRPML. The relation of the QRPAP with the RRP was consistent across physiotherapists. Implementation of the QRPAP during perturbation training will decrease the attention demanded of physiotherapists and will remove the offset observed across physiotherapists. Progress can be monitored objectively and training difficulty canbe adjusted accordingly.Public version
A sensitivity analysis of an inverted pendulum balance control model
No full textBalance control models are used to describe balance behavior in health and disease. We identified the unique contribution and relative importance of each parameter of a commonly used balance control model, the Independent Channel (IC) model, to identify which parameters are crucial to describe balance behavior. The balance behavior was expressed by transfer functions (TFs), representing the relationship between sensory perturbations and body sway as a function of frequency, in terms of amplitude (i.e., magnitude) and timing (i.e., phase). The model included an inverted pendulum controlled by a neuromuscular system, described by several parameters. Local sensitivity of each parameter was determined for both the magnitude and phase using partial derivatives. Both the intrinsic stiffness and proportional gain shape the magnitude at low frequencies (0.1–1 Hz). The derivative gain shapes the peak and slope of the magnitude between 0.5 and 0.9 Hz. The sensory weight influences the overall magnitude, and does not have any effect on the phase. The effect of the time delay becomes apparent in the phase above 0.6 Hz. The force feedback parameters and intrinsic stiffness have a small effect compared with the other parameters. All parameters shape the TF magnitude and phase and therefore play a role in the balance behavior. The sensory weight, time delay, derivative gain, and the proportional gain have a unique effect on the TFs, while the force feedback parameters and intrinsic stiffness contribute less. More insight in the unique contribution and relative importance of all parameters shows which parameters are crucial and critical to identify underlying differences in balance behavior between different patient groups.Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Contro
