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Aborted Modernism: The Semantics of the Avant-Garde in Yamamura Bochō's 'Prismism'
No full textYamamura Bochō (1884-1924) is primarily known as the author of Seisanryōhari (The Sacred Prism, 1915), a collection of poetry in Western style (shi), which, for its defiant experiments in form and diction (partly reminiscent of Max Weber’s Cubist Poems and of Wassily Kandinsky’s Klänge) was widely criticized by the members of the Japanese bundan. The attacks left Bochō so in disarray that around 1917 he suddenly decided to switch to a more pastoral style of humanitarian and populist poetry, never to return to his former audacities. Today, Japanese scholars unanimously consider Seisanryōhari as a forerunner of the Japanese Modernism of the Taishō and Shōwa eras; its historical value as a stage in the formation of gendaishi (the so-called “contemporary poetry”) is far from being questioned.
In my paper I will focus on the way Bochō perceived and represented his own poetics of rupture against the established literary power. In particular, I will focus on his peculiar use of the neologism “purizumizumu” (prismism), which surfaces in some of his writings of 1915 as a tool to define his poetic “school”. Interestingly enough, that was the period when the achievements of the European avant-garde were abundantly being presented in Japan by way of translations, articles and so forth (there are many proofs that Bochō was directly acquainted with many of them). “Purizumizumu” meant to Bochō the particular configuration of his poetic method as well as a mot d’ordre to self-represent his own revolutionary action within the bundan. In fact, as a lexeme, “purizumizumu” reveals an unmistakable avant-garde flavor in its use of the suffix –ism as well as in the “cubist” allusions suggested by the purizum- (prism-) verbal root. Moreover, the choice of such a word can be inscribed in a (still immature, but nevertheless unprecedented in Japan) strategy of fashioning one’s own literary practice as something sharing the same disruptive “esprit nouveau” of the European avant-garde.
In my paper, I will begin by presenting a survey of Bochō’s statements regarding a number of specific European avant-garde movements (especially Cubism and Futurism). I will then confront his opinions on these movements with the ideological nuances gravitating around his own coinage and use of the word ‘prismism’ and of its derivates (such as purizumisuto, “prismist”). In doing so, I will try to ascertain if they appeared to him as different parts of the same international cultural upsurge against the artistic ancien régime.
I will then give an account of the actual consistence of the prismist group, claiming in the end that it was less an organized school than Bochō’s one-man-army, nearly fictional, self-narrative brainchild. In other words, I will try to demonstrate that ‘prismism’, as an organic school with disciples and official organs, never existed; it was just a verbal commodity to which Bochō gave circulation in order to claim and gain his part of symbolic capital within the literary field. (as you can infer from my terminology, I will use Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of art as a recurring theoretical reference).
The question is whether ‘prismism’ can be seen as an expression of Bochō’s compliance with and (re)production of a newer, antagonistic socio-literary habitus. Therefore, I will try to discover whether ‘prismism’, as a discursive device, still reproduces a relatively superficial Meiji paradigm where modernity corresponds to “the latest trends” in the "West" (no matter what they are), or if it is to be seen, on the contrary, as a critical and original appropriation of a particular segment of the European discourse of the avant-garde, and of European art as a whole
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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