1,721,316 research outputs found
Sex wars and alien invaders
No full textThe susceptibility of Adalia bipunctata, infected with either Wolbachia, Rickettsia or Spiroplasma, to the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana was examined. Individuals infected with Wolbachia were no more susceptible to the fungal pathogen than uninfected (normal sex ratio) individuals. In contrast, ladybirds infected with either Rickettsia or Spiroplasma were more susceptible to B. bassiana. The evolutionary implications of these results are briefly discussed
The GB Non-Native Species Information Portal and EU biodiversity strategy
No full textThe Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, The Convention on Biological Diversity and the 10th Conference of the Parties in Nagoya during 2010 have all identified invasive alien species (IAS) as one of five major pressures driving biodiversity loss, and ultimately extinction of species. The requirement for improved detection and monitoring capabilities coupled with an effective decision-making framework is required to underpin control, mitigation and eradication of invasive non-native species. Here I describe the GB Non-Native Species Information Portal within the context of EU Biodiversity Strategy
Encounters with an alien: Harmonia axyridis in Europe
Full text linkThe harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an aphidophagous coccinellid, native to central and eastern Asia (Kuznetsov, 1997; Majerus et al., 2006). It was introduced to Europe in 1982 and has spread rapidly since, for example, 100 km per year in Britain. Harmonia axyridis has been recorded as established in: France (first report), Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Luxembourg, England, Czech Republic, Italy, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Poland, Wales, Liechtenstein, Scotland, Hungary, Slovakia and Bulgaria (last report). The IOBC/WPRS (International Organization for Biological Control/Western Palaearctic Regional Section) Study Group “Benefits and Risks of Exotic Biological Control Agents” was established to encourage collaborative research on this species and other exotic biological control agents. In this paper we describe some of the current activity in Europe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Looking beyond the spots: inspiring the public to record ladybirds
No full textThe Coccinellidae Recording Scheme, the UK’s scheme for mapping coccinellid distributions, was launched in 1968 and was led by Michael Majerus from the 1980s. In the early years participants tended to be experienced naturalists, so to draw others in, Mike set up a very successful offshoot, the Cambridge Ladybird Survey (CLS), a public outreach survey that ran from 1984 to 1994. The CLS generated a huge amount of data and made a significant contribution to Mike’s New Naturalist ‘Ladybirds’ book (1994). When Harmonia axyridis arrived in the UK in late 2004, Mike realised the potential for involving the public in a unique opportunity to study the spread of an invasive animal from the start of the invasion process. Thus the Harlequin Ladybird Survey was launched in early 2005 as one of the first online wildlife surveys in the UK. Over 26,000 online records have been received, enabling a study of unprecedented detail. Mike was very adept at using the media to convey his message. His expertise extended to the Lepidoptera (including evolutionary studies of the peppered moth Biston betularia) and presidency of the Amateur Entomologists' Society, enabling further outreach opportunities
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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