1,720,956 research outputs found
Ökonomische Analyse des Managements invasiver gebietsfremder Arten : eine Fallstudie zu in Deutschland
No full textInvasive alien species (IAS) are major drivers of biodiversity loss and impose rising economic costs. Global trade and climate change facilitate their spread and establishment, threatening agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. Despite recognition of these risks, economic consequences are often underestimated, delaying effective responses. IAS management requires balancing ecological, economic, and social considerations.
This study addresses two objectives: (1) to quantify the economic costs of invasive alien species under current and projected climate scenarios, and (2) to evaluate public preferences for IAS management, focusing on the trade-offs between chemical and biological control strategies through a case study of the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) invasion in German apple orchards.
To address the first objective, the study combined a logistic spread model based on climate suitability projections for 2022–2050 with an economic model to estimate invasion costs under four management scenarios: no control, chemical control, biological control, and integrated pest management (IPM). Results show that even early infestations can cause significant economic losses if unmanaged. By 2050, as more areas become suitable for pest establishment, invasion costs rise sharply, demonstrating that delayed intervention greatly increases both damages and resources needed to control the invasion.
For the second objective, a discrete choice experiment was employed to understand the public preference for managing IAS using no control, chemical control, and biological control. Respondents strongly favored biological control, even with risks of invasiveness, and rejected no control as an option. Willingness to pay reached €2.32/kg for biological control, while chemical control received moderate support, mainly due to production concerns. Socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, education, income, political orientation, ecological involvement, and risk-taking shaped preferences. Political orientation proved significant: conservative and liberal respondents leaned toward chemical control, while ecologically oriented individuals preferred no intervention. Information framing also mattered: generalized descriptions increased support for biological control, while quantitative details revealed greater heterogeneity.
These findings highlight the urgency of early IAS intervention and the need to integrate public preferences into policy. The study provides evidence for developing effective strategies to manage Halyomorpha halys and outlines avenues for future research.Invasive gebietsfremde Arten (IAS) sind zentrale Treiber des Biodiversitätsverlusts und verursachen wachsende ökonomische Kosten. Globaler Handel und Klimawandel fördern ihre Ausbreitung und Etablierung und bedrohen Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft und Fischerei. Obwohl diese Risiken erkannt sind, werden die ökonomischen Folgen häufig unterschätzt, was wirksame Reaktionen verzögert. Das Management von IAS erfordert die Abwägung ökologischer, ökonomischer und sozialer Aspekte.
Diese Studie verfolgt zwei Ziele: (1) die Quantifizierung der ökonomischen Kosten invasiver Arten unter aktuellen und projizierten Klimaszenarien und (2) die Bewertung öffentlicher Präferenzen für deren Management, mit Fokus auf die Zielkonflikte zwischen chemischen und biologischen Kontrollstrategien anhand einer Fallstudie zur Marmorierten Baumwanze (Halyomorpha halys) in deutschen Apfelanlagen.
Für das erste Ziel wurde ein logistisches Ausbreitungsmodell, basierend auf Klimatauglichkeitsprojektionen 2022–2050, mit einem ökonomischen Modell kombiniert, um die Invasionskosten unter vier Szenarien zu schätzen: keine Kontrolle, chemische Kontrolle, biologische Kontrolle und integrierter Pflanzenschutz (IPM). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass schon frühe Befälle erhebliche Verluste verursachen können, wenn sie unbehandelt bleiben. Bis 2050 steigen die Kosten stark an, da mehr Gebiete für eine Etablierung geeignet werden. Dies verdeutlicht, dass verzögertes Handeln sowohl Schäden als auch Ressourceneinsatz erheblich erhöht.
Für das zweite Ziel wurde ein Discrete-Choice-Experiment durchgeführt, um die Präferenzen der Verbraucher für keine Kontrolle, chemische Kontrolle und biologische Kontrolle zu ermitteln. Die Befragten bevorzugten deutlich die biologische Kontrolle, selbst bei Risiken der Invasivität, und lehnten keine Kontrolle ab. Die Zahlungsbereitschaft erreichte 2,32 €/kg für biologische Kontrolle, während die chemische Kontrolle nur moderate Unterstützung fand, vor allem aus Produktionsgründen. Soziodemografische Faktoren wie Alter, Geschlecht, Bildung, Einkommen, politische Orientierung, ökologisches Engagement und Risikobereitschaft beeinflussten die Präferenzen. Politische Orientierung erwies sich als bedeutsam: Konservative und Liberale tendierten eher zur chemischen Kontrolle, während ökologisch orientierte Personen eine Nichtintervention bevorzugten. Auch die Informationsgestaltung war ausschlaggebend: Allgemeine Beschreibungen erhöhten die Unterstützung für biologische Kontrolle, während quantitative Angaben größere Heterogenität offenbarten.
Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Dringlichkeit einer frühen Intervention, und die Notwendigkeit, öffentliche Präferenzen in politische Entscheidungsprozesse einzubeziehen. Die Studie liefert Evidenz für wirksame Strategien zum Management von Halyomorpha halys und skizziert Ansatzpunkte für zukünftige Forschung
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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