177,123 research outputs found
New species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Cryptotriton) from Quebrada Cataguana, Francisco Morazán, Honduras, with comments on the taxonomic status of Cryptotriton wakei
No full textMccranie, James R., Rovito, Sean M. (2014): New species of salamander (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Cryptotriton) from Quebrada Cataguana, Francisco Morazán, Honduras, with comments on the taxonomic status of Cryptotriton wakei. Zootaxa 3795 (1): 61-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3795.1.
World Technology Usage Lags
No full textWe present evidence on the differences in the intensity with which ten major technologies are used in 185 countries across the world. We do so by calculating how many years ago these technologies were used in the U.S. at the same intensity as they are used in the countries in our sample. We denote these time lags as technology usage lags and compare them with lags in real GDP per capita. We find that (i) technology usage lags are large, often comparable to lags in real GDP per capita, (ii) usage lags are highly correlated with lags in per-capita income, and (iii) usage lags are highly correlated across technologies. The productivity differentials between the state of the art technologies that we consider and the ones they replace combined with the usage lags that we document, lead us to infer that technology usage disparities might account for a large part of cross-country TFP differentials.
A new species of Sibon (Squamata: Colubridae) from the mountains of eastern Guatemala
No full textRovito, Sean M., Papenfuss, Theodore J., Vásquez-Almazán, Carlos R. (2012): A new species of Sibon (Squamata: Colubridae) from the mountains of eastern Guatemala. Zootaxa 3266: 62-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28076
Sibon merendonensis Rovito, Papenfuss & Vásquez-Almazán, 2012, new species
No full text<i>Sibon merendonensis</i> new species <p>(Figs. 2,3)</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ) 263880, an adult female (Fig. 2), collected at Finca la Bendición, 4.0 km SE (by road) of soccer field at junction with road to Pinalito, then 7.6 km E (by road) of La Trementina, 14.93042°N, 89.4167°W (WGS84 Datum), 1364 m, Departamento Zacapa, Guatemala, 16 January 2008, by Sean M. Rovito and Theodore J. Papenfuss. Original field number SMR 551.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Sibon merendonensis</i> is a member of the <i>S. annulatus</i> group as defined by Savage (2002) in having the penultimate supralabial separated from the eye by the lower postocular (Fig. 3). It differs from all other members of the <i>S. annulatus</i> group in having a scale row formula of 15–17–17 rather than 13–13– 13 in <i>S. anthracops,</i> 15–17– 15 in <i>S. perissostichon</i>, and 15–15– 15 in all other species in the group. Larger (TOL= 687 mm) than all other members of the <i>S. annulatus</i> group [female TOL range of 366 mm – 557 mm (McCranie 2007)], except <i>S. dimidiatus</i> (maximum female TOL of ca. 800 mm) and <i>S. perissisticon</i> (TOL= 668 mm). Dorsal scale rows retain normal orientation vs. changing orientation from sides of body to dorsal midline in <i>S. perissostichon.</i> Table 1 (modified from McCranie 2007) compares <i>S. merendonensis</i> with all other members of the <i>S. annulatus</i> group.</p> <p> <b>Description of holotype.</b> Adult female; large for a species of <i>Sibon</i> (SVL 498 mm; TOL 687 mm); tail short (TAL/TOL 0.275); head very distinct from neck (Fig. 2); snout short, blunt in dorsal outline; rostral not extending posteriorly between internasals, short, two-thirds length of prefrontal suture; prefrontals long, their median suture 87% length of frontal; prefrontals bordering eye above loreal; frontal longer than wide, widest anteriorly, length two thirds that of parietals, in contact with prefrontals, supraoculars, and parietals; supraoculars longer than wide, equal in length to frontal; parietals long, wide, widest anteriorly, their median suture 20% longer than frontal; parietals in contact with frontal, supraoculars, upper postoculars, anterior and posterior temporals, and seven nuchal scales; nasal entire, in contact with first three supralabials, loreal, prefrontal, internasal, and rostral; loreal single, longer than high, its length less than one-half length of snout (tip of snout to anterior edge of eye) and one-half length of eye; loreal bordering eye; preoculars absent; subpreoculars absent; postoculars 2, upper wider than lower; temporals 1 + 2, anterior one above 7th supralabial, lower second on above 8th supralabial; supralabials 8, with 5th and 6th bordering eye (enlarged penultimate supralabial separated from eye by lower postocular); pupil vertically elliptical; eye length two times length of loreal; infralabials 8-8, first pair separated behind mental by a single, large postmental, infralabials 1-2 in contact with postmental, infralabials 2-5 in contact with anterior chinshields; anterior chinshields paired, longer than wide, longer than posterior chinshields; posterior chinshields paired, in broad contact medially; mental groove present. Fig. 3 shows head scale characteristics discussed above. Ventrals 184; cloacal scute single; subcaudals 83; dorsal scales smooth, in 15 rows posterior to neck and 17 rows at midbody and anterior to cloaca, without apical pits or supracloacal ridges; vertebral row not enlarged anteriorly, barely enlarged posteriorly.</p> <p> <b>Color in life (Fig. 2).</b> Dorsal components of interspaces between bands very pale yellowish orange, with some cream-colored scales, brighter orange immediately behind head becoming paler posteriorly; dorsal components of bands medium brown. Lateral components of interspaces between bands mottled pale orange-brown; lateral components of bands cream-colored with brown mottling. Dorsal surface of head dark brown with orange mottling, orange patches condense into a stripe along midline posterior to parietals; supralabials brown with cream-colored mottling, sublabials mostly cream-colored with some brown. Iris golden-tan with darker brown flecks.</p> <p> <b>Color in alcohol.</b> Rostrum medium brown, middle of dorsal surface of head whitish with a slight orange tint. Interspaces of bands whitish with orange tint and some brown speckling, bands medium brown dorsally, lighter brown and more speckled on sides of body. Venter pale yellowish cream color with brown speckling from underside of head to about one-third down body, paler than rest of venter. Middle third of venter yellowish grey with more brown speckling, posterior third of venter and anterior half of tail very pale orange cream color with brown speckling. Irregularly spaced small dark brown patches throughout venter. Bands do not continue across venter. Ventral surface of posterior half of tail is a nearly continuous irregular band of medium to light brown with some lighter speckling, thinner where interspaces meet venter.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and ecology.</b> The holotype was found inside an arboreal bromeliad in broadleaf cloud forest with some pine trees. The type locality at La Montaña de las Granadillas is part of a belt of mid-elevation cloud forest stretching along a ridge to the vicinity of La Unión, Zacapa. Although the eastern part of this forest, near La Unión, has been sampled fairly extensively without the discovery of any additional specimens, we expect that this species occurs in other portions of the forested ridge. The forest where La Montaña de las Granadillas is located is separated from other areas of cloud forest by more arid lowland areas, including the arid Motagua Valley to the north. Given the isolated nature of this cloud forest, it seems unlikely that the species is found in other cloud forests in eastern Guatemala.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet makes reference to the Sierra del Merendón, the mountain range containing the type locality.</p>Published as part of <i>Rovito, Sean M., Papenfuss, Theodore J. & Vásquez-Almazán, Carlos R., 2012, A new species of Sibon (Squamata: Colubridae) from the mountains of eastern Guatemala, pp. 62-68 in Zootaxa 3266</i> on pages 65-67, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/280769">10.5281/zenodo.280769</a>
Structure of Metal-Carbenoid Intermediates Derived from the Dirhodium(II)-Tetracetate Mediated Decomposition of a-diazocarbonyl compounds. An ab initio and DFT study
No full textCryptotriton xucaneborum Rovito & Vásquez-Almazán & Papenfuss & Parra-Olea & Wake 2015, NEW SPECIES
No full text<i>CRYPTOTRITON XUCANEBORUM</i>, NEW SPECIES <p>Sierra de Xucaneb Hidden Salamander</p> <p>Salamandra Escondida de la Sierra de Xucaneb</p> <p>Figures 6A, 6C</p> <p> <i>Cryptotriton veraepacis</i> McCranie and Rovito, 2014 (part)</p> <p> <i>Cryptotriton veraepacis</i> Vásquez-Almazán <i>et al</i>. 2009 (part)</p> <p> <i>Cryptotriton veraepacis</i> Lynch and Wake, 1978 (part)</p> <p> <i>Holotype.</i> – MVZ 263575, male, Guatemala, Departamento Alta Verapaz, Municipio Senahú, 3.8 km S (by road) Finca El Volcán, 15.46102 °N 89.87055 °W (WGS84 datum), 1370 m, 19 August 2007, S. M. Rovito, C. R. Vásquez-Almazán, E. G. Ruano-Fajardo, and T. J. Papenfuss.</p> <p> <i>Paratypes.</i> – (<i>n</i> = 4). Three females, MVZ 269516– 269517, USAC 3496, one male, USAC 3497,</p> <p> <i>Cryptotriton alvarezdeltoroi Cryptotriton sierraminensis</i></p> <p> <i>Cryptotriton monzoni Cryptotriton veraepacis</i></p> <p> <i>Cryptotriton nasalis Cryptotriton xucaneborum</i></p> <p> <i>Cryptotriton necopinus Cryptotriton sp. Bethel</i></p> <p>Guatemala, Alta Verapaz, Municipio Tucurú, Chelemhá Reserve, 15.3558 °N, 90.0775°W (WGS84 datum), 2045 m.</p> <p> <i>Referred specimens.</i> – ANSP 28198, ANSP 28199.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis.</i> – Distinguished by its very dark grey ventral coloration from <i>Cryptotriton sierraminensis</i> (yellow) and <i>C. veraepacis</i> (lighter grey); gular coloration darker than in <i>C. veraepacis</i>, with no yellow (some yellow in <i>C. sierraminensis</i>) (Vásquez-Almazán <i>et al</i>., 2009). Distinguished from <i>C. veraepacis</i> and <i>C. sierraminensis</i> by lack of a tibial spur, and from <i>C. sierraminensis</i> by having prefrontal pierced by nasolacrimal duct, rather than evacuated along anterior margin and by the lack of a postorbital vomerine process (Vásquez-Almazán <i>et al</i>., 2009). Distinguished from <i>C. necopinus</i> by having prefrontal processes of the premaxillary that arise fused and separate distally, rather than arising separately (McCranie & Rovito, 2014), and by having a longer tail, more rounded nostrils, a wider foot, and fewer maxillary and vomerine teeth (Table 1). Distinguished from <i>C. nasalis</i> by having a prefrontal bone pierced by the nasolacrimal duct, rather than evacuated along the anterior margin (Lynch & Wake, 1978) and smaller nostrils (Table 1). Distinguished from <i>C. alvarezdeltoroi</i> by its larger size and smaller nostrils (Table 1).</p> <p> <i>Description of holotype.</i> – A relatively small adult male (SVL = 25.7 mm). Head moderately sized, ap- proximately same width as body, snout truncate. Eyes extend slightly beyond margin of jaw. Paratoid glands large, relatively well defined. Nostrils large (maximum nostril diameter = 0.6 mm). Well developed hands and feet with little webbing between digits; tips of digits rounded. Limbs relatively long; adpressed limbs separated by approximately two costal folds. Tail longer than body (37.4 mm), approximately rounded in crosssection, constricted at base, gradually tapering to a point. Nasolabial protuberances well developed and wide but not long, extend slightly beyond margin of lip. Large, elliptical mental hedonic gland present. Maxillary teeth (38) small and relatively numerous; premaxillary teeth (3) large, pierce upper lip. Relatively few vomerine teeth (8), arranged in line extending to internal margin of choanae.</p> <p> <i>Measurements of the holotype (in mm) and tooth counts.</i> – Head width 3.6; snout to gular fold (head length) 5.0; head depth at posterior angle of jaw 2.2; eyelid length 1.8; eyelid width 0.7; anterior rim of orbit to snout 0.9; horizontal orbit diameter 2.2; interorbital distance 1.3; snout to forelimb 7.7; distance separating external nares 0.8; snout projection beyond mandible 0.7; snout to posterior angle of vent (SVL) 25.7; snout to anterior angle of vent 33.7; axilla to groin 13.0; tail length 37.4; tail width at base 1.8; tail depth at base 2.3; forelimb length 5.4; hind limb length 6.5; width of right manus 1.4; width of right pes 2.3; length of longest toe 1.2; length of shortest toe 0.1; maximum nostril diameter 0.6; shoulder width 2.5. Maxillary teeth 38, premaxillary teeth 3, vomerine teeth 8.</p> <p> <i>Coloration of the holotype in life (based on photos).</i> – Numbers in parentheses refer to colours from Köhler (2012). Dorsal surface of head Flesh Ocher (57) with Burnt Umber (48) in the centre of head from intercanthal region to just anterior to insertion of forelimbs. Dorsal surface of body Salmon Colour (58) with a suggestion of Dark Yellow Buff (54). Chevrons of Burnt</p> <p>Umber (48) along dorsal midline from insertion of forelimbs to base of tail. Dorsal surface of tail uniform Dark Salmon Colour (58), becoming more reddish along final third of tail. Dorsal surface of limbs Light Pratt’s Rufous (71) and Salmon Colour (58) with Dark Drab (45) speckles and white flecks. Dorsal surface of feet Light Neutral Grey (297) with white flecks; toe tips pinkish. Lateral surface of head and body with same background colours as above, blending ventrally into Dark Greyish Brown (284) with numerous white flecks. Gular region mottled Light Neutral Grey (297) and Sepia (286), becoming nearly uniform Sepia just anterior to gular fold. Ventral surface of body and anterior third of tail Sepia. White flecks on gular region and ventral surface of body and tail, becoming less numerous toward ventral midline. Posterior two-thirds of tail Vinaceous (247), with some Sepia; white flecks throughout tail. Ventral surfaces of limbs Pale Neutral Grey (296) with Tawny Olive (17), small white flecks. Underside of feet Pale Neutral Grey, toe tips pinkish.</p> <p> <i>Colour of the holotype in alcohol.</i> – Dorsal surface of head Raw Umber (22), with Hair Brown (277) in the centre of head from intercanthal region to just anterior to insertion of forelimbs. Dorsal surface of body Raw Umber with Hair Brown chevrons along dorsal midline. Dorsal surface of tail Buff (5). Dorsal surface of limbs and feet mottled Buff and Raw Umber (23). Gular region mottled Drab-Grey (256) and Hair Brown, becoming nearly all brown towards gular fold. Ventral surface of body Hair Brown. Anterior third of tail Hair Brown, mottled with Buff towards tip. Underside of limbs Buff mottled with Hair Brown, underside of feet Smoke Grey (266). Pale flecks throughout ventral surface of head, body, and tail.</p> <p> <i>Variation –</i> The male paratype is roughly the same size as the holotype (24.9 mm), while the three female paratypes are slightly larger, reaching a maximum of 32 mm. There is some variation in maxillary teeth in the type series, with the largest female having only 37 maxillary-premaxillary teeth, while another female has a total of 57 maxillary-premaxillary teeth. Similar variation is seen in the vomerine tooth counts; the largest female has only six vomerine teeth, while the smallest male has the most vomerine teeth (13). The female paratypes have nasolabial protuberances that are only very slightly developed and visible only as a slight swelling in the labial margin.</p> <p> <i>Osteology.</i> – We examined X-rays of the holotype and a paratype (MVZ 269516). Prefrontal bones appear to be pierced by a nasolacrimal duct, as in <i>C. veraepacis</i> and the single known specimen of <i>C. necopinus</i> (Lynch & Wake, 1978; McCranie & Rovito, 2014). Frontal processes of premaxillary bone arise fused and separate distally. Vomer lacks a postorbital process. Tibial spur absent. As in other species of <i>Cryptotriton</i>, septomaxillary absent and mesopodials unmineralized. Phalangeal formula for manus is 1-2-3-2 and 1-2-3- 3-2 for pes, identical to that of other species in the genus <i>Cryptotriton</i>.</p> <p> <i>Habitat and distribution.</i> – Known only from two localities separated by 22 km in the Sierra de Xucaneb, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. The species may occur at a few other points of relatively high elevation in the Sierra de Xucaneb, but extensive deforestation in most areas has eliminated what may have once been suitable habitat for the species. The holotype was found in an arboreal bromeliad, while the four paratypes from Chelemhá were found active at night on vegetation 1–2 m above the ground. The forest at Finca Volcán represents a transition from lower elevation forest to cloud forest, with relatively few bromeliads and other epiphyte growth, and is classified as subtropical rainforest (Holdridge, 1967), while habitat at Chelemhá is lower montane rain forest (Holdridge, 1967) with typical cloud forest vegetation and extensive epiphyte cover. The only syntopic species of salamander known to occur with <i>Cryptotriton xucaneborum</i> is <i>Bolitoglossa helmrichi</i>, which occurs at both known sites.</p>Published as part of <i>Rovito, Sean M., Vásquez-Almazán, Carlos R., Papenfuss, Theodore J., Parra-Olea, Gabriela & Wake, David B., 2015, Biogeography and evolution of Central American cloud forest salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Cryptotriton), with the description of a new species, pp. 150-166 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175 (1)</i> on pages 157-162, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12268, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10107821">http://zenodo.org/record/10107821</a>
Decisiones supremorum tribunalium regni Neapolitani regii collateralis consilii, s. r. c. Capuanae, necnon regiae camerae summariae Scipione Rovito compilatore
No full textParamesotriton ermizhaoi Wu, Rovito, Papenfuss & Hanken, 2009, species nov.
No full textParamesotriton ermizhaoi species nov. (Fig. 3 ABC) Holotype: CIB 88141, an adult male collected in Mt. Dayao (24 °07´N, 110 ° 13´E, 881m elevation), Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China; collected by Jiatang Li on July 7, 2006. Paratypes: Same locality as holotype: CIB 88140, CIB 95998 -96000, collected with the holotype on the same date; MVZ 230616 - 230621, collected by E. Zhao in March 1999. Diagnosis: Paramesotriton ermizhaoi is assigned to the genus Paramesotriton because of its slender and nearly straight epibranchial bones, maxillary bones oriented angular to the body axis, and laterally compressed tail. This species can be diagnosed from other congeners by the following combination of characters: skin relatively smooth; granular warts absent on head and body; vertebral ridge not prominent; head depressed and nearly flat in profile; habitus slender and depressed; limbs short—when adpressed against flank, fingers and toes hardly meet; dorsum olive brown with irregular black flecks; ventral orange-red blotches irregular in shape. Description of the holotype: A slender and flat newt, preserved with mouth open. Head oval in shape, depressed and nearly flat in profile. Snout truncate and slightly projecting beyond lower mandible. Nostrils close to snout tip. Labial fold evident throughout posterior half of upper jaw. Skull relatively narrow, with maxillary bones oriented angular to body axis. Maxillary tips lie anterior and lateral to pterygoid bones; no contact between maxillary and pterygoid. Fronto-squamosal arch complete but not very robust. Epibranchial bones slender, nearly straight, only slightly flared dorsally. Vomerine tooth patch Λ-shaped, tooth rows converging anteriorly and exceeding the anterior limit of choanae. Tongue adhering to mouth floor with free lateral margins. Parotoid region evident, but not enlarged. Gill filaments absent. Gular fold present. Skin relatively smooth on head and body, with small transverse wrinkles. Vertebral ridge thin, slightly elevated. Lateral dorsal ridge absent. Thirteen trunk vertebrae. Four fingers, five toes, without webbing. Tail laterally compressed; posterior dorsal caudal fin evident, ventral caudal fin indistinct; tail extremity round in profile. Cloaca swollen, with a few papillae near posterior limit. Color of holotype in life: Dorsum olive brown with irregular black flecks. Vertebral ridge with orange tint. Venter paler brown. Irregular orange-red blotches on venter and anterior portion of cloaca with indistinct black margin; some blotches connected into short irregular stripes. Orange-red on underside of tail. In preservative, dorsum and venter black. Vertebral ridge inconspicuous. Ventral bright orange fading to yellow to milky white; black margins invisible. Variation: Morphology of paratypes resembles that of holotype except that females have smaller and nonswollen cloaca without papillae. Linear measurements are summarized in Table 2. Color of ventral blotches ranges from orange to red, spreading to chin and underside of axillae, varying in shape and arrangement. Black marks border those blotches or intersperse on venter. Holotype Females (N = 6) Males (N = 5) Measurements (CIB 88141) Range Mean ± SE Range Mean ± SE SVL 63.5 46.6–66.8 56.3 ± 2.7 46.4–63.5 56.1 ± 3.1 TTL 126.0 94.0– 137.5 112.8 ± 5.9 92.2–127.6 111.5 ± 6.8 TAL 57.7 44.7–65.5 53.4 ± 3.0 43.3–60.2 51.1 ± 3.3 TAD 7.5 5.5–8.1 7.0 ± 0.4 5.5–8.5 7.3 ± 0.5 HL 17.7 14.4–17.4 15.9 ± 0.5 14.8–17.8 16.1 ± 0.7 HW 12.1 8.8–12.6 10.7 ± 0.5 9.1–12.3 10.9 ± 0.6 IO 7.1 5.3–6.9 6.0 ± 0.2 5.4–7.1 6.4 ± 0.3 EN 4.9 3.2–4.2 3.8 ± 0.2 3.1–4.9 4.0 ± 0.3 IN 3.7 2.7–3.6 3.1 ± 0.1 2.4–3.7 3.1 ± 0.2 AX 31.3 20.2–36.7 27.7 ± 2.2 21.4–31.3 27.6 ± 1.7 AL 15.6 12.6–15.4 13.8 ± 0.4 12.5–17.4 14.6 ± 0.9 PL 16.0 13.1–15.6 14.2 ± 0.4 13.5–17.4 15.2 ± 0.7 Etymology: The new species is named after Ermi Zhao, a prominent Chinese herpetologist and educator, for his great contribution to the development of herpetological study and the training of a new generation of scientists in China. Habitat: Stream in broadleaf forest with herbaceous plants and vines. Stream is 3-4 meters wide and shallow, flowing slowly in a valley (Fig. 3 C). Substrates include gravels, scattered small rocks, and semisubmerged larger rocks. Along the stream are pools with a very slow current. Newts are found at the stream bottom, usually under rocks or between crevices during daytime. Fishes and small aquatic invertebrates coexist with Paramesotriton ermizhaoi, and Pachytriton labiatus is found in the same stream drainage at a higher elevation. Discussion: Paramesotriton ermizhaoi is unusual insofar as a large portion of individuals possess 13 trunk vertebrae; other congeneric species normally have 12 trunk vertebrae (Chan et al. 2001). Although variation has been observed in other Paramesotriton, it is rare. However, six of eleven P. ermizhaoi (including the holotype) have 13 trunk vertebrae (Fig. 4); the other five specimens have 12. The number of trunk vertebrae does not appear to be correlated with gender. A similar situation occurs in the European salamandrid Ommatotriton ophryticus, in which the modal number of trunk vertebrae varies from 12 to 13 in different geographic populations (Litvinchuk et al. 2005). Orska and Imiolek (1962) reported the correspondence of vertebral number to developmental temperature in salamanders. Future research is necessary to evaluate the correlation between environmental temperature and embryonic development in P. ermizhaoi. Paramesotriton ermizhaoi may have been long misidentified as another Asian salamandrid species. Scholz (1998) reported a potentially new species of Pachytriton from the pet trade, named Pachytriton C. In fact, most descriptions of morphology, coloration, and behavior of Pachytriton C match with P. e r m i z h a o i. Due to lack of molecular data and known locality, Scholz (1998) did not make a definitive taxonomic statement on Pachytriton C. We suspect that the two names refer to the same species. The only known locality of P. ermizhaoi, Mt. Dayao, is located within the putative Guangxi population of P. c h i n e n s i s (Fei et al. 1999; Zhang & Wen 2000; Fei et al. 2006), which was first described in rivers at inland from Ningbo, Zhejiang Province (Gray 1859). However, P. ermizhaoi has been identified mistakenly as P. chinensis despite their different morphologies. For instance, the paratypes of P. e r m i z h a o i from MVZ were originally catalogued as P. c h i n e n s i s. We also note that the P. chinensis used by Lu et al. (2004) from Mt. Dayao actually are P. ermizhaoi, based on mitochondrial sequences. To our knowledge, no true P. c h i n e n s i s has been collected from Mt. Dayao. It is possible that claims of a disjunct Guangxi population of P. chinensis are incorrect due to misidentification. However, Zhang and Wen (2000) provide an account on Guangxi P. chinensis that matches the diagnostic characters of this species. More fieldwork is needed to determine if P. chinensis occurs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Comparative material examined: P. caudopunctatus (MVZ 236250-236254 from Guizhou, China), P. chinensis (MVZ 230360, CIB 95899, CIB 95907 -95911 from Zhejiang, China), P. fuzhongensis (MVZ 230622 - 230625 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China), P. hongkongensis (MVZ 230365 - 230370 from Hong Kong, China), P. deloustali (MVZ 222122-222123, MVZ 223627-223629 from Tam Dao, Vietnam), P. laoensis (FMNH 255450, FMNH 257850, FMNH 257852, FMNH 257853 from Xiang Khouang, Laos).Published as part of Wu, Yunke, Rovito, Sean M., Papenfuss, Theodore J. & Hanken, James, 2009, A new species of the genus Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 2060 on pages 64-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18681
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Immunologic Interplay Between HIV/AIDS and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flames?
No full textPURPOSE OF REVIEW: HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 have been the major pandemics overwhelming our times. Given the enduring immune disfunction featuring people living with HIV (PLWH) despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), concerns for higher incidence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as for suboptimal responses to the newly developed vaccines in this population arose early during the pandemics. Herein, we discuss the complex interplay between HIV and SARS-CoV-2, with a special focus on the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and vaccination in PLWH. RECENT FINDINGS: Overall, current literature shows that COVID-19 severity and outcomes may be worse and immune responses to infection or vaccination lower in PLWH with poor CD4 + T-cell counts and/or uncontrolled HIV viremia. Data regarding the risk of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) among PLWH are extremely scarce, yet they seem to suggest a higher incidence of such condition. SUMMARY: Scarce immunovirological control appears to be the major driver of weak immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccination and worse COVID-19 outcomes in PLWH. Therefore, such individuals should be prioritized for vaccination and should receive additional vaccine doses. Furthermore, given the potentially higher risk of developing long-term sequelae, PLWH who experienced COVID-19 should be ensured a more careful and prolonged follow-up
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