1,720,956 research outputs found
RRS Discovery Cruise 240, 11 May-28 May 1999. Ocean Technology Division instrument trials cruise over the Goban Spur, Pendragon Escarpment and Porcupine Abyssal Plain
Full text linkThe principal objective of the cruise was to test, verify and trial a range of oceanographic instruments developed within SOC in a deep water, free field environment not possible in a land-based laboratory. The instruments included:1. Mini Profiler Vehicle (MPV); 2. SUMOSS optical spectrometer; 3. A profiling CTD mooring system; 4. A new design of cable fairing for the SeaSoar vehicle; 5. SHRIMP video and camera vehicle'; 6. Scatterometer profiler system; 7. Deep water stills cameraThe work area - in the vicinity of the Goban Spur and the Porcupine Abyssal Plain - was chosen with care so as to give a wide range of terrain and water depths, from the continental shelf to abyssal plain, to suit the various instruments testing requirements within a small area.During the cruise, as well as the deep-water instrument and vehicle trials, there were also elements of training new staff and the development of safe working and handling practices.This cruise demonstrated the huge advantages of being able to test equipment in a deep-water environment. All the instruments deployed benefited from the results obtained, whether they highlighted unknown problems or confirmed theoretical designs. The cruise also highlighted that trials of this kind rapidly accelerate the speed of development of both equipment and instrumentation and are almost a necessity for new designs prior to their being used in anger on scientific cruises
Mass deposition of jellyfish in the deep Arabian Sea
Full text linkIn December 2002 large numbers of dead jellyfish, Crambionella orsini (Vanhöffen 1888), were observed on the seabed over a wide area of the Arabian Sea off the coast of Oman, at depths between 350 and 3300 m. Moribund jellyfish were seen tumbling down the continental slope. Large aggregations of dead jellyfish were evident within canyons and on the continental rise. At the deepest stations, patches of rotting, coagulated jellyfish occurred. The patches were several metres in diameter, at least 7 cm thick and covered about 17% of the sediment surface. At other locations on the continental rise the seafloor was covered in a thin, almost continuous, layer of jelly “slime,” a few millimetres thick, or was littered with individual jellyfish corpses. Photographic transects were used to estimate the amount of carbon associated with the jelly detritus. The standing stock of carbon varied between 1.5 and 78 g C m-2, the higher figure exceeding the annual downward flux of organic carbon, as measured by sediment traps, by more than an order of magnitude. The episodic nature of jellyfish blooms, which may be modulated by global change phenomena, provides a hitherto unknown mechanism for large-scale spatial and temporal patchiness in deep-sea benthic ecosystems
Hydrothermal plumes above the East Scotia Ridge: an isolated high-latitude back-arc spreading centre
No full textWe have identified first evidence for the presence of submarine hydrothermal activity along the East Scotia Ridge an isolated back-arc spreading centre located at 55–60°S in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Using a combination of in situ optical light-scattering sensor data, and total dissolvable Mn concentrations, we demonstrate the existence of hydrothermal plumes overlying two segments of this ∼500 km ridge-crest; both segments exhibit anomalous topography and at least one segment is also underlain by an axial magma chamber seismic reflector. Future investigation of the fauna that inhabit these remote hydrothermal environments may provide an important ‘missing link’ between the distinct biogeographical provinces delimited from previous investigation of northern Atlantic versus eastern Pacific vent-sites
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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