1,721,004 research outputs found
Impacts of marine shipping on the underwater soundscape and Chinook salmon behaviour
Full text linkWith the persistent growth of the shipping industry, the underwater soundscape across the globe has been changing. The prevalence of low-frequency noise from shipping activities has led to a noticeable increase in ambient underwater noise levels. Research to date has focused on large commercial vessels in motion, but commercial vessels are also anchoring in coastal ecosystems and there is a high presence of small commercial vessels that might be altering the marine soundscape. In this dissertation, these underrepresented anthropogenic noise sources are explored in Cowichan Bay, and Campbell River, British Columbia using underwater hydrophones. Results from these chapters (2 and 3) demonstrated significant changes to the underwater soundscape from anchored commercial bulk carriers and tugboats, highlighting the need to understand these noise sources further. Additionally, the growing body of literature on the impacts of anthropogenic noise on the underwater soundscape has generated concern about the impacts of the elevated noise on marine species. In the Northeast Pacific Ocean, many ecologically important species have been declining since the 1970s including Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Although behavioural changes including modified sound production behaviours have been documented in response to anthropogenic activities for some fishes, there has been
little research on the impacts of shipping on Chinook salmon. Furthermore, Chinook salmon sound production has received little attention and only limited information on frequency and amplitude has been reported. To better understand the impacts of shipping on Chinook salmon vocal behaviour, understanding of salmon sound production, Chinook and other Pacific salmon, is required. Sound production in three species of Pacific salmon (Chinook, pink, O. gorbuscha and coho salmon, O. kisutch) was evaluated at Big Qualicum Hatchery (chapter 4). Chinook and coho salmon were found to produce air movement, hydrodynamic and pulse sounds, while pink salmon were shown to likely produce all these sounds. However, because pink salmon were always recorded in mixed schools with Chinook salmon, further work is required to validate their sound production. Additionally, the impacts of shipping on Chinook salmon movement and behaviour have never been evaluated, but vessel noise and other anthropogenic sources like pile driving have been shown to produce spatial displacement and behavioural changes in other salmonids. To begin to address this issue, changes in Chinook salmon behaviour in the presence of shipping noise were evaluated using acoustic tags in Cowichan Bay, British Columbia (chapter 5). Significant changes in depth for tagged salmon were observed with increased sound
pressure levels and number of AIS-equipped vessels present. However, the influence of the number of AIS-equipped vessels present on the overall activity levels of Chinook did not appear linear and further work is needed to understand vessel noise effects on activity levels. This chapter represents the first study demonstrating the impacts of increased underwater noise levels on Chinook salmon. Collectively this dissertation highlights the impacts of anchored commercial vessels and tugboats on the underwater soundscape and the influence of shipping noise on Chinook salmon behaviour, demonstrating the importance of developing mitigation methods to help reduce the noise produced by shipping activities to protect these ecologically, and culturally important species.Graduate2025-02-2
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Educational Engagement in a Workplace Setting
Full text linkAt a local setting in the Southwestern United States, 44% of adults elected not to participate in the organization’s free nonmandatory educational programs. There was a lack of understanding of the reasons for why this phenomenon existed, which is inconsistent with the rising trends of adults returning to formal degree or certification programs. The discrepancy between educational engagement at the work organization and current educational trends among adults may signal a practice gap in the way the organization markets its educational curriculum. The purpose of this study was to explore why some adults at the local setting elected not to participate in the free educational offerings so that a substantial understanding of the phenomenon could emerge. The theoretical model framing this study was Knowles’ theory of andragogy. A basic qualitative study design was used to answer the research questions. Purposeful sampling yielded a participant pool of 5 nonmanagerial workers for individual interviews and 3 nonmanagerial workers for a focus group interview who had elected not to participate in training opportunities at the local setting. Data from the interviews were coded with a coding program, initial, and axial coding. Participants reported that poor communication of existing programs and a lackluster curriculum marketing strategy failed to encourage participation. Findings support recommendations that may serve to positively improve participation in the organization’s educational programs. The implications of social change resulting from the study are visualized as participation in education changes the perspectives and attitudes of individuals, empowering those individuals to protect their civil liberties and economic outcomes
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
