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Today’s Pirates: Biopiracy, biotech, and the international frameworks that are not up to the challenge.
Get PDFThis paper analyzes biopiracy and its effects on Indigenous populations through case studies on specific incidences of biopiracy, and an analysis of modern day agro-neocolonialism, seed piracy, and advances in biotech that are changing modern patent landscapes. This paper suggests that current international frameworks are failing to defend against widespread biopiracy due to ineffective cross-cultural application of relevant treaties and differing domestic approaches to intellectual property frameworks. This paper examines the World Intellectual Property Organization, the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, The Convention on Biological Diversity, The Bonn Guidelines, and The Nagoya Protocol. This paper then makes suggestions for the international community as a whole and for the United States on how to protect against future threats of biopiracy, including technological advancements, such as Digital Sequencing Information (DNA sequencing/synthesis) and CRISPR-Cas9
“Whale Wars” — Are the Japanese whaling just because they can? A testament of failed international whaling policy
No full textThis paper analyzes whaling law and practices in Japan. This paper briefly compares Japanese whaling to whaling in Norway and Iceland, as well as Indigenous whaling but mainly focuses on Japan’s domestic ethos around “whaling culture,” their policies, which perpetuate whaling even though the industry is no longer profitable, and their unique relationship with the International Whaling Commission. This paper further analyzes the International Whaling Commission’s main document, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, and its inability to keep rogue nations in check, and recommends that anti-whaling nations combine both soft law and sanctions to pressure Japan to cease its yearly whaling expeditions. This paper suggests that since a reform of the Convention is highly unlikely and the document itself is ineffective, the most successful path to eradication with be through sanctions on Japan’s fishing market, which will have a domino effect on the other nations (Norway and Iceland) who are acting outside of the bounds of the push for an international whaling norm
Slow but Steady Wins the Race: The Rise and Rise of Euroscepticism.
No full textThis paper analyzes Euroscepticism in the European Union with a focus on two member-states Italy and France. This paper discusses the history of Euroscepticism in Europe, immigration law and economic policy in the European Union as it pertains to both the New Pact on Migration and Asylum and the Stability and Growth Pact, which were both negotiated or renegotiated in 2023. Euroscepticism is a wide sweeping political movement, and this paper does not analyze every aspect, but only seeks to magnify two issues that have plagued the EU since its inception. This paper argues that Euroscepticism will clearly rise with the push by Brussels for complete integration, due to successful weaponization of the EU’s lack of unified policy and the perceived chokehold on member states’ sovereignty. This paper also argues that Euroscepticism will likely be difficult to defeat because their success lies in political turmoil
Today’s Pirates: Biopiracy, biotech, and the international frameworks that are not up to the challenge.
No full textThis paper analyzes biopiracy and its effects on Indigenous populations through case studies on specific incidences of biopiracy, and an analysis of modern day agro-neocolonialism, seed piracy, and advances in biotech that are changing modern patent landscapes. This paper suggests that current international frameworks are failing to defend against widespread biopiracy due to ineffective cross-cultural application of relevant treaties and differing domestic approaches to intellectual property frameworks. This paper examines the World Intellectual Property Organization, the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, The Convention on Biological Diversity, The Bonn Guidelines, and The Nagoya Protocol. This paper then makes suggestions for the international community as a whole and for the United States on how to protect against future threats of biopiracy, including technological advancements, such as Digital Sequencing Information (DNA sequencing/synthesis) and CRISPR-Cas9
“Whale Wars” — Are the Japanese whaling just because they can? A testament of failed international whaling policy
Get PDFThis paper analyzes whaling law and practices in Japan. This paper briefly compares Japanese whaling to whaling in Norway and Iceland, as well as Indigenous whaling but mainly focuses on Japan’s domestic ethos around “whaling culture,” their policies, which perpetuate whaling even though the industry is no longer profitable, and their unique relationship with the International Whaling Commission. This paper further analyzes the International Whaling Commission’s main document, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, and its inability to keep rogue nations in check, and recommends that anti-whaling nations combine both soft law and sanctions to pressure Japan to cease its yearly whaling expeditions. This paper suggests that since a reform of the Convention is highly unlikely and the document itself is ineffective, the most successful path to eradication with be through sanctions on Japan’s fishing market, which will have a domino effect on the other nations (Norway and Iceland) who are acting outside of the bounds of the push for an international whaling norm
Today’s Pirates: Biopiracy, biotech, and the international frameworks that are not up to the challenge.
No full textThis paper analyzes biopiracy and its effects on Indigenous populations through case studies on specific incidences of biopiracy, and an analysis of modern day agro-neocolonialism, seed piracy, and advances in biotech that are changing modern patent landscapes. This paper suggests that current international frameworks are failing to defend against widespread biopiracy due to ineffective cross-cultural application of relevant treaties and differing domestic approaches to intellectual property frameworks. This paper examines the World Intellectual Property Organization, the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, The Convention on Biological Diversity, The Bonn Guidelines, and The Nagoya Protocol. This paper then makes suggestions for the international community as a whole and for the United States on how to protect against future threats of biopiracy, including technological advancements, such as Digital Sequencing Information (DNA sequencing/synthesis) and CRISPR-Cas9
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“Whale Wars” — Are the Japanese whaling just because they can? A testament of failed international whaling policy
No full textThis paper analyzes whaling law and practices in Japan. This paper briefly compares Japanese whaling to whaling in Norway and Iceland, as well as Indigenous whaling but mainly focuses on Japan’s domestic ethos around “whaling culture,” their policies, which perpetuate whaling even though the industry is no longer profitable, and their unique relationship with the International Whaling Commission. This paper further analyzes the International Whaling Commission’s main document, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, and its inability to keep rogue nations in check, and recommends that anti-whaling nations combine both soft law and sanctions to pressure Japan to cease its yearly whaling expeditions. This paper suggests that since a reform of the Convention is highly unlikely and the document itself is ineffective, the most successful path to eradication with be through sanctions on Japan’s fishing market, which will have a domino effect on the other nations (Norway and Iceland) who are acting outside of the bounds of the push for an international whaling norm
“Whale Wars” — Are the Japanese whaling just because they can? A testament of failed international whaling policy
No full textThis paper analyzes whaling law and practices in Japan. This paper briefly compares Japanese whaling to whaling in Norway and Iceland, as well as Indigenous whaling but mainly focuses on Japan’s domestic ethos around “whaling culture,” their policies, which perpetuate whaling even though the industry is no longer profitable, and their unique relationship with the International Whaling Commission. This paper further analyzes the International Whaling Commission’s main document, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, and its inability to keep rogue nations in check, and recommends that anti-whaling nations combine both soft law and sanctions to pressure Japan to cease its yearly whaling expeditions. This paper suggests that since a reform of the Convention is highly unlikely and the document itself is ineffective, the most successful path to eradication with be through sanctions on Japan’s fishing market, which will have a domino effect on the other nations (Norway and Iceland) who are acting outside of the bounds of the push for an international whaling norm
Slow but Steady Wins the Race: The Rise and Rise of Euroscepticism.
Get PDFThis paper analyzes Euroscepticism in the European Union with a focus on two member-states Italy and France. This paper discusses the history of Euroscepticism in Europe, immigration law and economic policy in the European Union as it pertains to both the New Pact on Migration and Asylum and the Stability and Growth Pact, which were both negotiated or renegotiated in 2023. Euroscepticism is a wide sweeping political movement, and this paper does not analyze every aspect, but only seeks to magnify two issues that have plagued the EU since its inception. This paper argues that Euroscepticism will clearly rise with the push by Brussels for complete integration, due to successful weaponization of the EU’s lack of unified policy and the perceived chokehold on member states’ sovereignty. This paper also argues that Euroscepticism will likely be difficult to defeat because their success lies in political turmoil
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