1,721,114 research outputs found
Time and compensation mechanisms in checking legal compliance
Full text linkIn this paper we extend the logic of violation proposed by [23] with time, more precisely, we temporalise that logic. The resulting system allows us to capture many subtleties of the concept of legal compliance. In particular, the formal characterisation of compliance can handle different types of legal obligation and different temporal constraints over them. The logic is also able to represent, and reason about, chains of reparative obligations, since in many cases the fulfillment of these types of obligation still amounts to legally acceptable situations
Free choice permission in defeasible deontic logic
Full text linkFree Choice Permission is one of the challenges for the formalisation of norms. In this paper, we follow a novel approach that accepts Free Choice Permission in a restricted form. The intuition behind the guarded form is strongly aligned with the idea of defeasibility. Accordingly, we investigate how to model the guarded form in Defeasible Deontic Logic extended with disjunctive permissions
Principles and Semantics: Modelling Violations for Normative Reasoning
No full textThe present paper proposes a structural operational semantics and the related semantics for normative systems. The proposed approach focuses on explicitly representing in force obligations and violations as events in a temporal framework, determining the state of a normative system. In the paper we use a set of core principles, defining some of the properties required when reasoning about norms, to motivate the semantics of the approach. Finally, we show that the proposed approach is capable of reasoning about more complex legal scenarios
Modelling legal procedures
No full textA legal procedure in court proceedings is a sequence of actions in which the last action is (the creation of) a(n individual) norm, where the court settles that it is obligatory in the interest of some agents that other agents bring about a certain state of affairs. This paper models legal procedures by using a variant of Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL) enriched with a preference operator for prioritising procedural actions. The key reason towards the usage of PDL is that, in procedural law, claims and resolutions resemble programs to be executed. Requests are organised in a preference order and resolutions have their own dynamics of execution (either spontaneously by the one obliged and/or by force of law)
Inference to the Stable Explanations
No full textThe process of explaining a piece of evidence by constructing a set of assumptions that are a good explanation for that evidence is ubiquitous in real-life (e.g. in legal systems). In this paper, we introduce, discuss, and formalise the notion of stable explanations in a non-monotonic setting. We show how, while applying it to the process of (1) computing a set of literals able to (2) derive a conclusion (3) from a set of defeasible rules, we obtain a restricted version of the notion of abduction. This is both interesting and useful: when an explanation for a given conclusion is stable, it can, in fact, be used to infer the same conclusion independently of other pieces of evidence that are found afterwards
Hypotheses and their dynamics in legal argumentation
Full text linkWe investigate some legal interpretation techniques from the viewpoint of the Argentinian jurisprudence. This allows the proposal of a logical framework –from a computer science perspective– for modeling such specific reasoning techniques towards an appropriate construction of legal arguments. Afterwards, we study the usage of assumptions towards construction of hypotheses. This is proposed in the dynamic context of legal procedures, where the referred argumentation framework evolves as part of the investigation instance prior to the trial. We propose belief revision operators to handle such dynamics, preserving a coherent behavior with regards to the legal interpretation used. Abduction is finally proposed to construct systematic hypothesization, with the objective to bring semi-automatic recommendations to push forward the investigation of a legal case
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pathways to legal dynamics in robotics
No full textNormative concepts can play a crucial role in modelling the be- haviour and interaction of artificial agents. Investigations are still relatively underdeveloped in robotics while interesting ideas come from related fields, such as multi-agent systems (MAS). We outline some research challenges in this domain for which we can use existing models of legal change developed in AI&Law
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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