1,720,966 research outputs found
K. Harper, Slavery in the Late Roman World (2011)
No full textRotman Youval. K. Harper, Slavery in the Late Roman World (2011). In: Topoi, volume 18/2, 2013. pp. 571-575
Captif ou Esclave ? Entre marché d’esclaves et marché de captifs en Méditerranée médiévale
No full textLe rapport entre captivité et esclavage tient une place centrale dans les études sur l’esclavage. Depuis l’Antiquité, les captifs en général, et les prisonniers de guerre en particulier, constituent l’une des sources principales d’approvisionnement pour les marchés d’esclaves. Toutefois, les deux termes, captif et esclave, ne se recouvrent pas complètement. D’un côté, l’esclavage avait toujours d’autres sources hormis la guerre et la capture. De l’autre côté, la captivité n’amenait pas forcem..
Reconstructing late antique psychology: reversion, conversion and introversion of the soul
Get PDFThe religious, theological and philosophical discourse in Late Antiquity concerning the human soul, the Greek psuchē, reveals a sophisticated and complex psychological language that was aimed at conceptualizing and articulating the act of conversion. The analysis of Gnostic, Orthodox Christian, and Neoplatonic writings in relation to the psuchē shows the cardinal role that this term played in formulating individual processes of mental transformation. Attributing active agency, mutability and relational aspect to the individual psuchē turned it into a unique conceptual device, necessary to define anew the human condition
Lorsque le statut de l’homme dépend de la conjoncture politique : les libres réduits en esclavage dans la réalité et la littérature byzantines
No full textOn ne peut poser la question de l’humanité de l’esclave sans soulever celle faisant de lui la propriété de son maître. Ce phénomène incompréhensible, dans la perspective d’un XXIe siècle où toute forme d’esclavage est rejetée, doit être resitué dans le cadre des sociétés esclavagistes du passé. Le problème est alors de savoir si, dans une société qui légalise l’esclavage, la perception de l’esclave comme homme peut être contradictoire avec sa définition comme propriété. Sinon, à partir de qua..
Formes de la non-liberté dans la campagne byzantine aux VIIe-XIe siècles
No full textL’article analyse la présence parallèle des esclaves et des paysans dépendants dans la campagne byzantine entre le VIIe et le XIe siècle : il s’agit de définir la dépendance paysanne byzantine à travers des institutions sociales comme les colons, les empytheutai et les parèques. La non-liberté inhérente à cette définition prend forme par le biais de la possession de la terre et les obligations fiscales qui vont avec. Cependant, cette non-liberté ne regroupe point les paysans dépendants sous un statut civil unique ; elle s’oppose ainsi à celle des esclaves qui sont d’emblée privés du droit de posséder.Rotman Youval. Formes de la non-liberté dans la campagne byzantine aux VIIe-XIe siècles. In: Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Moyen-Age, tome 112, n°2. 2000. pp. 499-510
The Imperial Eunuch: Traces of Hellenistic Institution in Roman Epigraphy
No full textUsing epigraphic sources the present study focuses on the integration of eunuchs into the social elite of the Roman Empire. Eunuchs in high positions were a new late Ro- man phenomenon. Despite the legislative measures taken against castration of a human being, starting from the fourth century eunuchs filled high offices created especially for them. An analysis of twenty-two inscriptions from the first to the sixth century A.D. reveals the Greek East as a source of the imperial Roman use of eunuchs. The phe- nomenon entered Roman society after being adopted from Asia Minor, and was later institutionalized as an adaptation of local customs of the north-eastern regions of the Roman word. Greek and Latin inscriptions together with historiographic and legisla- tive sources suggest that local social customs, religious positions and positions in the administration held by eunuchs were adopted by the Roman authorities who needed new types of government and social elite. The severe prohibition of castration did not manage to stop this acculturation process, but changed nevertheless its course.
Religious Hatred and Byzantine Ideology before the Crusades
Get PDFReligious hatred has a long and painful history. It was conceptualized, defined and employed in various ways and for various ends throughout history. The present article focuses on the religious hatred and the roles that it played in Byzantium. It proposes a comparative approach to analyze expressions of religious hatred in Byzantine texts. The article does not analyze religious hatred as the actual hatred that a Christian might feel for his Jewish neighbor because he is Jewish, or vice-versa, but the way it appears in texts as a literary and rhetorical construction. What could be termed “Byzantine typology of religious hatred” as it presented and constructed in different types of texts by different authors will reveal the construction of a Byzantine perspective to mark political enemies as religious adversaries and vice versa. The question is to what end. This article proposes to look more closely into the way religious hatred served as a tool in the construction of Byzantine public opinion, a means for the Byzantines to perceive their polity and themselves as righteous
Comparative and Global Framing of Enslavement
Get PDFOver the last two decades, social scientists, legal scholars, human rights activists, and historians, have sought common conceptual grounds in the study of enslavement, thus forging a new perspective that comprises historical and contemporary forms of slavery. This has also intensified awareness of enslavement as a global phenomenon. In this volume, the authors give tentative answers to the question on what global enslavement means
Comparative and Global Framing of Enslavement
No full textOver the last two decades, social scientists, legal scholars, human rights activists, and historians, have sought common conceptual grounds in the study of enslavement, thus forging a new perspective that comprises historical and contemporary forms of slavery. This has also intensified awareness of enslavement as a global phenomenon. In this volume, the authors give tentative answers to the question on what global enslavement means
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