1,721,095 research outputs found
INTANGIBLE CAPITAL AND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH: PANEL EVIDENCE FOR THE EU FROM 1998-2005
No full textUsing new international comparable data on intangible capital investment by business within a panel analysis between 1998 and 2005 in an EU country sample, a positive and significant relationship between intangible capital investment and labor productivity growth is detected. This relationship proves to be robust to a range of alterations. The empirical analysis confirms previous findings that the inclusion of business intangible capital investment in the asset boundary of the national accounting framework increases the rate of change of output per hour worked more rapidly. In addition, intangible capital is able to explain a significant portion of the unexplained international variance in labor productivity growth, and becomes a dominant source of growth
Fair allocation of telemedical counseling services in early detection of Alzheimer's disease: Empirically informed ethical considerations
No full textAbstract INTRODUCTION Counseling for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection is essential, especially regarding emerging blood‐based biomarkers. The increasing need for counseling requires innovative approaches and simultaneously consideration of ethical issues. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Telemedicine is discussed as a means of providing more accessible and fairer health care. Nevertheless, barriers to accessing telemedicine are important to consider, such as required technical hardware and ethical criteria regarding interpersonal counseling, including individual adaptation of information to ensure self‐determined decision‐making. Regarding resource allocation, issues must be considered before telemedicine is implemented. THEORETICAL REFLECTION Fair counseling structures require the discussion of resource allocation. To avoid justifying telemedical counseling based solely on cost‐effectiveness and overlooking further ethical demands, we propose a ranked approach. To strengthening self‐determined decisions, we argue that equal care structures can be built on these prerequisite aspects and enable realization of fair resource allocation as a last step. Highlights Blood‐based biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) facilitate easier access to risk assessment and early detection. Currently, insufficient pre‐diagnostic counseling structures exist which support informed decision‐making. Telemedicine may be a meaningful approach for innovative counseling services. However, unresolved ethical and legal issues regarding telemedical counseling services for the early detection of AD must first be addressed. Telemedical counseling in the early detection of AD is yet rarely discussed in the literature. Therefore, we combine insights from ethical analysis of telemedical counseling with the ethical issues of fair and empowering counseling in the early detection of AD separately. In a second step, we discuss the use of telemedical counseling for the early detection of AD inductively to highlight ethically relevant aspects and present our considerations in light of the principles of autonomy, non‐maleficence, beneficence, and justice. To provide ethical guidance for possible future implementation without overprioritizing one approach to counseling for the early detection of AD, considerations regarding fair resource allocation are required. We argue that three major ethical topics should be considered in the future: Strengthening individuals’ autonomy, equal care structures, and fair resource allocation.Universitätsmedizin Göttingen https://doi.org/10.13039/10001914
Crisis and Citizens’ Trust in the European Central Bank: Panel Data Evidence for the Euro Area, 1999–2012
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Crisis and Citizens' Trust in the European Central Bank - Panel Data Evidence for the Euro Area, 1999-2012
No full textThroughout the crisis, citizens' trust in the European Central Bank has significantly declined throughout the Euro area (EA-12). Although a decline in the core countries of the EA-12 has been distinct, a more pronounced decline has been taking place in the peripheral countries of the EA-12. Taking panel data and using a fixed effects DFGLS estimation for an EA-12 country sample over the time period of 1999-2012 with a total of 305 observations, this paper detects a negative and significant relationship between unemployment and trust in times of crisis. The robustness analysis of the paper confirms that this decrease in trust is strongly driven by the significant increase in unemployment rates in the four peripheral countries Spain, Ireland, Greece and Portugal
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