1,721,204 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Biomedical Applications of Protein Films and Polymeric Nanomaterials
No full textBiomaterials are widely applied for the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases. In addition to fulfilling specific biological functions, biomaterials must also be non-toxic, biocompatible, and sterilizable to be regarded as safe-for-use. Polymers are excellent candidates for fabricating functional biomaterials due to their wide availability and varied properties and may be natural or synthetic. Polymer precursors are fabricated into coatings, foams, scaffolds, gels, composites, and nanomaterials for several biomedical applications. This dissertation focuses on two types of polymeric biomaterials – protein-based materials and synthetic polymeric nanoparticles. Proteins are biopolymers that naturally occur with a variety of structural and functional properties. However, the fabrication of protein-based materials is challenging due to their aqueous and mechanical instability. In this work we highlighted the development of an additive-free, thermal treatment approach that relies on heat-curing protein films in fluorous media (fluorous-curing). In doing so, we are able to minimize protein denaturation and retain surface properties. Charged protein films were utilized to prepare antimicrobial coatings and size-sorting devices. We also demonstrated the utility of fluorous-curing to enhance mechanical and enzymatic stability of collagen films with minimal denaturation. In the latter part of this work, we utilized ultrasound treatment to enhance the activity of biomaterials. Ultrasound is gaining interest as a tool used in combination with biomaterials for applications such as enhanced penetration of therapeutics into tissue, regulating drug release through ultrasound-responsive scaffolds, and sonodynamic therapy. However, these developments are limited and delayed due to the lack of effective in vitro models that prevent uncontrolled cell lysis during ultrasound. We developed 2D and 3D cell cultures for ultrasound treatment using collagen-based materials. We hypothesized that collagen would act as a support for the cells and absorb the energy exerted by ultrasound, thereby protecting the cells. We then utilized ultrasound in combination with antimicrobial polymeric nanomaterials for the synergistic eradication of bacterial biofilms. Antimicrobial polymer nanoparticles are an alternative to traditional antibiotics that prevent development of drug resistance. However, longer incubation durations and higher concentrations are required to allow for penetration into the bacterial biofilms which results in toxicity to mammalian cells. Ultrasound enhances the penetration of these nanoparticles into the biofilm EPS thereby reducing the incubation time and enhancing antimicrobial activity, with minimal toxicity to mammalian cells. Overall, this dissertation discusses significant developments in polymeric materials for varied potential applications as diagnostic sensors, antimicrobial materials, wound-healing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications.ChemistryDoctor of Philosophy (PhD
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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TRANSITION METAL CATALYST (TMC)-EMBEDDED BIOORTHOGONAL NANOZYMES FOR ANTICANCER THERAPEUTICS
No full textBioorthogonal chemistry offers versatile strategies for monitoring and modulating biomolecules in their native environments through abiotic chemical reactions. Bioorthogonal catalysis via transition metal catalysts (TMCs) provides the controlled activation of anticancer therapeutics, which mimics the enzymatic amplifications. However, the direct use of TMCs in living systems faces challenges such as instability, poor solubility, and low biocompatibility. Engineering the structure of TMCs can partially solve the problems, but the rapid clearance of small molecules hurdles the in vivo applications. Therefore, embedding TMCs in/onto nanomaterials to obtain bioorthogonal nanozymes enhances stability, solubility, biocompatibility, and the presence of the catalysts in biological environments for drug activation. In this thesis, I screened a library of surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to check their effect on immune cells. I chose the positively charged with hydrophilic headgroup one to hydrophobic TMCs. AuNPs insulate the catalyst from the deactivating environment. The surface ligands of AuNPs were further engineered to generate stimuli-responsive nanozymes by harnessing the formation and proteolysis of the protein corona. Moreover, the cationic-charged nanozyme exhibited prolonged stability both in vitro and in vivo, allowing for localized drug activation. The localized cancer therapy mediated by nanozymes efficiently reduced the growth of aggressive breast cancer and avoided acute liver damage, a common off-target effect of chemotherapy. The nanozymes were also applied for anticancer immunotherapy by polarizing macrophages to anticancer phenotype through activating the precursor of an immune modulator. Other than gold nanoparticles, I functionalized zinc sulfite nanoparticles as the scaffold to integrate degradability and enhanced catalysis for anticancer drug activation. I also developed a scalable polymeric-based nanozyme that resisted serum poisoning for cancer killing. Overall, this dissertation presents the promising potential of fabricating bioorthogonal nanozymes for localized anticancer therapy.ChemistryDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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Cell-Based Sensing of Endocrine Disrupting Substances Using Fluorescent Protein-Gold Nanoparticle Complexes
No full textDeveloping a sensitive and effective in vitro bioassay to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) would reduce the cost, eliminate the possibility of low dose effects, detect the non-monotonic dose responses, and identify mechanisms of actions. The “chemical nose” sensing method using supramolecular complexes composed of cationic monolayer functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and fluorescent proteins (FPs) can successfully distinguish serum proteins, mammalian cells, tissue lysates, and chemotherapeutic drug mechanisms. EDCs regulate target cells via genomic or non-genomic pathways in terms of proliferative effect and response time. In this thesis, green fluorescent protein-gold nanoparticle (GFP-AuNP) sensors were used to detect the proliferative effect of 17b-estradiol (E2) and bisphenol A (BPA) on MCF7 and T47D cell lines at fM or pM dose range. Non-monotonic dose responses were also observed at different exposure times. The dose-response relationships using GFP-AuNP sensors could be correlated to the cell cycle analysis. Interestingly, tamoxifen, an estrogen antagonist, showed distinct patterns at low doses on HepG2 cells using triple channel FP-AuNP sensors, which might indicate different mechanisms of actions in this dose range.Master of Science (M.S.
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