49 research outputs found
Reinterpretation of the Myth of Cupid and Psyche in Raphael\u27s Renaissance fresco in Villa Farnesina
No full textV zaključni nalogi se ukvarjam z zgodbo Amorja in Psihe, ki jo je v drugem stoletju našega štetja zapisal rimski pisec Apulej. Zanima me, kako se je motiv upodabljal in interpretiral do obdobja renesanse, v katerem je med prvimi nastal večji cikel obravnavane zgodbe v vili Farnesini v Rimu. Naročilo je za lastnika vile, Agostina Chigija, izvedel Rafael s svojo delavnico in se izbrane literarne podlage le ohlapno držal. Pri analizi izbranega cikla fresk me je zato zanimalo, zakaj se je Rafael le okvirno držal Apuleja in kako si lahko tako upodobljeno zgodbo razlagamo. Prvi del naloge sem tako posvetila razvoju upodabljanja mita v grški in rimski antiki, njegovo ohranitev skozi srednji vek in njegovo ponovno odkritje in novosti v renesansi. Drugi del naloge nato podrobno raziskuje Rafaelovo fresko v vili Farnesini, od osnovnih podatkov in ikonografije do širše ikonološke slike, ki nam poda več možnih interpretacij poslikav.In my thesis, I deal with the story of Cupid and Psyche, which was written by the Roman writer Apuleius in the second century. I am interested in how the motif was depicted and interpreted until the Renaissance period, when one of the first monumental paintings of the story was created in Villa Farnesina in Rome. The commission was carried out by Raphael and his workshop for the owner of the villa, Agostino Chigi, who had only loosely followed the chosen literary text. When analysing the selected cycle of frescoes, I was therefore interested in why Raphael only loosely followed Apuleius’s myth and how can we interpret the story depicted in this way. The first part of the thesis was thus dedicated to the development in the depiction of the myth in Greek and Roman antiquity, its preservation through the Middle Ages and its rediscovery and innovations in art in the Renaissance period. The second part of the thesis then investigates Raphael\u27s frescoes in Villa Farnesina in detail, from basic data and iconography to a broader iconological picture, which gives us several possible interpretations of the painting
Sociality of Mental Distress in the Light of Erich Fromm\u27s Theory
No full textMagistrsko delo je posvečeno raziskovanju in analizi umeščenosti duševnih stisk v specifičnih pogojih sodobne zahodne družbe. V prvem delu se avtor posveti pomembnosti vprašanja za socialno pedagogiko, in sicer ga utemeljuje z vidika njene tesne prepletenosti z antipsihiatričnim gibanjem. Čeprav je od gibanja minilo nekaj desetletij, tema za disciplino ostaja aktualna. Na to kažejo prevladujoči trendi obravnave duševnih stisk, ki jih v veliki meri zaznamujeta intenzivna privatizacija in medikalizacija. Nadalje so pandemija covid-19 in posledice, ki sta jih na duševnem zdravju pustili ustavitev javnega življenja in samoizolacija, uporabljene kot primer pomanjkljivosti prevladujočega biomedicinskega modela duševnega zdravja in njegove nezmožnosti ustreznega odzivanja v kriznih situacijah. Pri obravnavi problema se avtor v veliki meri nasloni na eksistencialno humanistično teorijo Ericha Fromma, zato se v besedilu posveti umestitvi njegovega dela v frankfurtsko šolo ter psihoanalitično in marksistično teorijo. Magistrsko delo se nadaljuje z aktualizacijo Frommovih osrednjih konceptov in kritičnim premislekom nekaterih predpostavk, ki to formulacijo omogočajo. Na tem mestu avtor odprte vrata dvomu v absolutnost Frommove teorije in daje glas nekaterim njegovim kritikom. Srž polemike so predvsem Frommova interpretacija Marxa in Freuda, kakor tudi njegov normativni humanizem, ki predpostavlja esencialnost človeške narave. V zavedanju, da ima Frommova teorija svoje meje, avtor zagovarja tezo, da njegova koncepcija človekovih potreb dobro prestaja zob časa in je danes ravno tako relevantna, kot je bila v času njegovega delovanja. V nadaljevanju je obravnavano Frommovo razumevanje »človekove bivanjske pogojenosti«, ki jo ponazarja s svojo interpretacijo biblične zgodbe o izgonu iz raja. Izhajajoč iz tega so opisane in na novo premišljene osrednje človekove nefiziološke potrebe in nujnost njihove zadovoljitve za duševno zdravje. V zadnjem delu avtor na podlagi izbranih sodobnih družbenih diagnoz pokaže, da nekaterih potreb v trenutni družbeni realnosti ne moremo zadovoljiti na način, ki bi vodil do duševnega zdravja.The Master\u27s thesis analyses and explores the context of mental distress in the specific conditions of contemporary western society. In the first part of the thesis, the author focuses on the importance of the topic for social pedagogy, which he argues for mostly in the light of social pedagogy\u27s intertwines with the anti-psychiatric movement, as well as in reference to some modern trends of treatment of mental distress, which are predominantly defined by intense privatization and medicalization. The COVID-19 pandemic and the effects the restricted public life has had on public mental health are used to demonstrate the inadequacy of the predominant bio-medical concept of mental health. Since the problem is for the most part addressed within the frames of Erich Fromm’s existential humanistic theory, the author begins with contextualizing his work in the Frankfurt school, between the psychoanalytic and Marxist theory. Before delving further into some of Fromm’s crucial ideas, his core presuppositions which enable formulation of his concepts are addressed and analyzed. There, the author makes space for the questioning of Fromm’s theory and looks more precisely into arguments of some of his critics. The controversy here is centred around Fromm’s interpretation of Freud and Marx, as well as his presuppositions concerning essentiality of human nature. Aware of the theoretical limits of Fromm’s theory, the author argues that his conceptualization of human needs has stood the test of time and remains as relevant today as it was at the time of his writing. In what follows, Fromm’s understanding of “man’s existential condition” is adressed, which he illustrates with his interpretation of the biblical story of exodus from Eden. Further on, the central non-physiological needs of human beings are described and rethought in the context of the necessity of their satisfaction for mental health. In the final section, it is argued, based on selected contemporary social diagnoses, that the current social reality does not enable the satisfaction of most of these needs in a manner conducive to mental health
Project manager\u27s role in translation quality assurance
No full textPričujoče magistrsko delo skuša predstaviti vlogo projektnega vodje v prevajalskem procesu, s poudarkom na področju zagotavljanja kakovosti. Zaradi narave prevajalske industrije je delo projektnih vodij nepredvidljivo in dinamično. Obseg dela ni vedno enak, zato so tudi naloge, ki jih opravlja projektni vodja, različne. Področje zagotavljanja kakovosti prevodov bi moralo biti prioriteta vseh ponudnikov prevajalskih storitev, vendar menimo, da je v praksi temu področju namenjeno premalo pozornosti. Ali je za področje zagotavljanja kakovosti poleg prevajalcev in pregledovalcev odgovoren tudi projektni vodja in na kakšen način lahko vpliva na kakovost prevodov, sta glavni vprašanji, s katerima se ukvarja magistrsko delo. V teoretičnem delu naloge so opredeljeni osnovni pojmi s področja projektnega vodenja, to so projekt, projektno vodenje in projektni vodja. Nato so opisane faze vodenja prevajalskih projektov, da bralec dobi pregled nad vsemi nalogami, ki jih opravlja projektni vodja. V drugem delu usmerimo pozornost na področje zagotavljanja kakovosti prevodov, in sicer najprej poskušamo definirati to področje. Sledi predstavitev vrst zagotavljanja kakovosti in opis virov, ki se uporabljajo. Navedene so osebe, ki lahko izvajajo postopek zagotavljanja kakovosti, in orodja za preverjanje kakovosti. V nadaljevanju je predstavljen teoretični pogled na kakovost z vidika prevajalcev, ponudnika prevajalskih storitev, naročnika in projektnega vodje, nato sledi praktični del naloge. Pripravili smo dva anketna vprašalnika na temo vloge projektnega vodje pri zagotavljanju kakovosti prevodov, in sicer je prvi namenjen prevajalcem in pregledovalcem, drugi pa projektnim vodjem. Vprašalnika sta si podobna, saj je namen praktičnega dela primerjati, kako na svoje delo in naloge gledajo projektni vodje sami, nato pa njihove odgovore primerjati s pričakovanji prevajalcev in pregledovalcev. Kot zanimivost smo pripravili tudi krajši vprašalnik za naročnike prevodov, da bi ugotovili, na koga se naročniki prevodov obračajo, ko naročajo prevod, kako so zadovoljni s kakovostjo prevodov, ali se odzivajo v primeru slabe kakovosti, kakšne ukrepe izvajajo v takih primerih ipd.The aim of the thesis is to present the project manager\u27s role in the translation process with the main focus on translation quality assurance. Project manager\u27s work is unpredictable and dynamic due to the nature of translation industry. The workload is not always the same. Consequently, the project manager\u27s tasks may vary accordingly. Translation quality assurance should be regarded as the main priority by all language service providers. However, it is perceived by the author that in practice this field does not receive enough attention. The two main questions that are addressed in this thesis are: Is the project manager responsible for translation quality? How can the project manager affect the translation quality? In the theoretical part of the thesis the project management basic concepts are described (project, project management, project manager). The theoretical part continues with the presentation of all phases in the translation project management with the aim of providing the reader with a general idea of what are the project manager\u27s tasks in the translation process. In the second part of the thesis the main focus is on translation quality assurance. The author aims to provide a definition of this field, to describe types of quality assurance, sources that are used in this process, and to give a brief presentation of translation quality assurance tools. This part is followed by a theoretical view on quality from the translator\u27s, language service provider\u27s, client\u27s and project manager\u27s points of view. The practical part of the thesis consists of two questionnaires about the project manager\u27s role in translation quality assurance. The first questionnaire is intended for translators and reviewers, the second for project managers. The questionnaires cover similar questions. The aim of the practical part is to compare the project managers\u27 and translators\u27 views on the project manager\u27s tasks and roles in the translation process. In addition, the author prepared a short questionnaire for the clients. The aim of the last questionnaire is to determine the primary contact for the clients when they order a translation, what their general opinion about the quality of translations is, what steps are taken when the quality of translations is not good etc
Neural machine translation of literary texts from English to Slovene
No full textRaziskave so pokazale, da dosegajo nevronski strojni prevajalniki obetavne rezultate pri prevajanju literarnih besedil. Strojno prevajanje literature iz angleščine v slovenščino pa še ni bilo raziskano, zato je namen tega dela razvoj nevronskega strojnega prevajalnika v več različicah, prilagojenega za prevajanje literature, in primerjava lastnih prevajalnikov s splošnim prevajalnikom Google Translate. Da bi ugotovila, ali specializirani modeli dosežejo boljše rezultate kot splošni prevajalnik Google Translate in ali je prevajalnik, specializiran za prevajanje romanov ene avtorice, uspešnejši kot prevajalnik, specializiran na različnih literarnih delih, primerjam prevajalnike z metrikama BLEU in METEOR, analizo napak strojnih prevodov, ocenjevanjem berljivosti in ustreznosti ter merjenjem zahtevnosti popravljanja. Analiza je pokazala, da je popravljanje strojnih prevodov vseh treh prevajalnikov hitrejše od prevajanja od začetka. Vse metode evalvacije razen ocene berljivosti so potrdile, da je prevajalnik, specializiran za prevajanje romanov ene avtorice, uspešnejši kot prevajalnik, naučen na korpusu različnih literarnih del. Kljub vsemu pa pri vseh metodah evalvacije dosega najboljše rezultate prevajalnik Google Translate. Raziskava razkriva tudi velike nekonsistentnosti med udeleženci pri ocenjevanju berljivosti in ustreznosti ter pri merjenju zahtevnosti popravljanja. Rezultati nakazujejo na to, da morda te metode niso zanesljive, zato bi bilo dobro te ugotovitve nadaljnje raziskati.Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has shown a promising performance on literary texts. Since the literary machine translation has not yet been researched for the English-to-Slovene translation direction, this Master’s thesis aims to bridge this gap by presenting a comparison among bespoke NMT models, tailored to novels, and Google Translate. To determine whether models, adapted to literary texts, perform better than Google Translate, and to establish whether an adaptation to a specific author further improves the performance of the NMT system, models were evaluated by the BLEU and METEOR metrics, error analysis of machine translation output, assessment of fluency and adequacy, and measurement of the post-editing (PE) effort. The findings show that all evaluated NMT approaches resulted in increases in translation productivity. The model, tailored to a specific author, performs better than the model, trained on a literary corpus, based on all scores except the scores for fluency. However, Google Translate still outperforms all bespoke models. The evaluation reveals a very low inter-rater agreement on fluency and adequacy, based on the kappa coefficient values, and significant discrepancies between post-editors. This suggests that these methods are not reliable, which should be addressed in future studies
Intercultural education in curricula and teaching materials
No full textV magistrskem delu sem raziskovala, ali obstaja skladnost med osnovnošolsko deklarativno ravnijo (zakoni), ki temelji na integracijski imigrantski politiki, kar pomeni, da zajema cilje medkulturne pedagogike in med izvedbeno ravnijo (učni načrti, gradiva za pouk). V tem primeru naj bi v učnih načrtih bili prisotni cilji medkulturne vzgoje in izobraževanja, predvsem cilj razvijanje medkulturnih kompetenc. V učbenikih bi pa morale biti prisotne vsebine, s katerimi bi uresničili ta cilj medkulturne vzgoje in izobraževanja.
Namen naloge je pokazati prisotnost ciljev medkulturne pedagogike v aktih, torej na deklarativni ravni, ki se nanašajo na osnovno šolo, kjer naj bi se zaradi integracijske narave le-teh cilji tudi pojavljali.
Nadalje je namen naloge ugotoviti obstoj ali odsotnost ciljev medkulturne vzgoje in izobraževanja, ki so bolj operativni, in sicer ciljev, ki krepijo medkulturne kompetence. Iskala sem jih na izvedbeni ravni, v učnih načrtih družboslovnih predmetov za prvo in drugo vzgojno-izobraževalno obdobje.
Na izvedbeni ravni sem iskala tudi obstoj vsebin, ki pripomorejo k razvoju medkulturnih kompetenc pri učencih, kar je najbolj pomemben cilj medkulturne vzgoje in izobraževanja. Le-te sem iskala v učbenikih in delovnih zvezkih istih družboslovnih predmetov.
Glavna ugotovitev naloge je, da med deklarativno in izvedbeno ravnijo ne obstaja popolna skladnost oziroma obstaja pod pogojem, da se v učnih načrtih in gradivih za pouk nahajajo eksplicitni cilji in vsebine, ki bi vodile učitelja k razvoju in krepitvi medkulturnih kompetenc pri učencih, ter da učitelji morajo biti medkulturno empatični, ozaveščeni ter medkulturno izobraženi, da lahko tudi s posrednimi cilji in vsebinami krepijo in razvijajo medkulturne kompetence, a s tem udejanjajo medkulturno vzgojo. V zaključku sem predlagala možne rešitve glede na rezultate raziskave.This Master’s thesis examines whether there is consistency between the declaratory level (i.e. laws), which is based on immigrant integration policy and thus includes the objectives of intercultural pedagogy, and the implementation level (i.e. curricula, teaching materials) in elementary schools. In such case, the curricula should comprise the objectives of intercultural education, in particular the development of intercultural competences, while textbooks should contain topics that would enable to meet the objective of intercultural education.
The purpose of the thesis is to demonstrate the presence of intercultural pedagogy objectives at the declaratory level, i.e. in the acts relating to elementary school where, in view of the integrative nature thereof, these objectives are indeed expected.
Moreover, the purpose of the thesis is to determine the existence or absence of intercultural education objectives that can be considered as operational, namely the objectives that strengthen intercultural competences. The author looks for such at the implementation level, in the curricula of social science subjects for the first and second educational periods of elementary school.
At the implementation level, the author also investigates the existence of topics that contribute to the development of intercultural competences among the pupils, which is the main objective of intercultural education. Such topics are sought in textbooks and workbooks for the same social science subjects.
The main finding of the thesis is that there is no full compliance between the declaratory and implementation levels and/or that there can be compliance provided that the curricula and teaching materials contain explicit objectives and topics which would guide the teachers to develop and enhance pupils’ intercultural competences. Moreover, teachers must be interculturally empathic, informed and trained, in order to be able to enhance and develop intercultural competences even based on indirect objectives and topics, thus providing for intercultural education. The conclusion proposes possible solutions based on the research
Literarno dogajanje na Slovaškem v šestdesetih letih
No full textThe ‘sixties of the twentieth century in Slovak literature signify a temporary warming and a great creative achievement of young writers. Surpassing the schematic model of Socialist realism in the direction of thematic and expressive differentiation conditions, enables and, at the same time, hinders social and political changes, which testifies to the integration of literature in the social context. The article analyses the role played by literary journals and literary reviews during this period, and makes a comparison with the situation in Slovenia. A special treatment of the first prose work by Ján Johanides Zasebnost (Privacy in English) is made in which the author applies basic initiatives of modernism and existentialism, making innovative use of the narrative technique typical of the new French novel. In conclusion, the present image of literature from the ‘sixties of the twentieth century is examined.Šestdeseta leta dvajsetega stoletja pomenijo v slovaški književnosti začasno otoplitev in velik ustvarjalni dosežek mladih avtorjev. Preseganje shematičnega modela socialističnega realizma v smeri tematske in izrazne diferenciacije pogojujejo, omogočajo in hkrati zavirajo družbeno-politične spremembe, kar govori o vpetosti literature v družbeni kontekst. V prispevku raziskujemo vlogo književnih revij in literarne kritike v tem obdobju ter jo primerjamo s slovenskim prostorom. Posebej obravnavamo prozni prvenec Jána Johanidesa Zasebnost, v katerem avtor uresničuje temeljne pobude modernizma in eksistencializma ter inovativno uporablja pripovedne tehnike, značilne za novi francoski roman. V zaključku se sprašujemo o podobi literature šestdesetih let danes
