177,178 research outputs found
Efficacy and resistance of recently developed non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV-1
No full textSince the introduction of the HAART, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have played an essential role in treating HIV: their strong antiviral potency, good metabolic profile and low pill burden make them an ideal option in the design of an optimized triple drug regimen. Nonetheless, the currently approved NNRTIs (efavirenz and nevirapine) are weighed by peculiar toxicities, while a low genetic barrier and the development of cross-resistance significantly limits their use in cases of suboptimal adherence. Many drugs are in development and they are all designed with the aim to overcome resistance problems. In this review we present data on virological efficacy and resistance profiles of some of the most promising new molecules: some (such as rilpivirine) are close to being marketed, others are in Phase II trials (IDX899 and RDEA806), others again have just completed preclinical studies and are having their first clinical evaluations (RO-5028, UK-453061 and BILR-355 BS); etravirine is already approved by the US FDA, but it is still not licensed in Europe. Other new molecules (Merck MK-4965, GlaxoSmithKline GW678284 and a pyridazinone derivative by Roche), which are currently in early-development phases, are also briefly describe
Hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV hepatitis C virus
No full textPurpose of review Recent data showed that in some settings with adequate resources liver diseases rank first among the causes of death in persons living with HIV (PLHIV). Although liver decompensation is the first cause of hepatic death in PLHIV, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is also emerging as one of the causes of hepatic death in PLHIV. This review analyzes the main data published on HCC in PLHIV in the last 3 years. Recent findings HCC is more common in persons living with HIV than in general population. In PLHIV with a late diagnosis of HCC, less treatable cases and lower survival were described in retrospective studies. New treatment strategies are available for advanced HCC but there are few data available on PLHIV and some open issues. Nevertheless, screening of HIV-infected patients suspected to have cirrhosis seems to be useful and is mandatory in PLHIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced cirrhosis. Together with screening of patients at risk and an early diagnosis, aggressive treatment of the neoplasia including treatment of relapses and maintenance of HIV suppression are the best management strategies for HCC in PLHIV. The role of liver transplantation remains controversial. Summary In the last years, HCC is becoming an important issue in PLHIV. Prevention, screening, and treatment strategies for HCC need to be included in the management of PLHIV
Quantum state transfer via Bloch oscillations
No full textThe realization of reliable quantum channels, able to transfer a quantum state with high fidelity, is a fundamental step in the construction of scalable quantum devices. In this paper we describe a transmission scheme based on the genuinely quantum effect known as Bloch oscillations. The proposed protocol makes it possible to carry a quantum state over different distances with a minimal engineering of the transmission medium and can be implemented and verified on current quantum technology hardware
Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis c virus co-infection: The agenda is full while waiting for new drugs
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The use of intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in HIV positive patients: A retrospective multicentric study
No full textIl lavoro in crisi.Trasformazioni del capitalismo e ruolo dei soggetti
No full textDisoccupazione, sottoccupazione, scoraggiamento, precarietà e scarsa qualità sono le facce con cui si presenta il lavoro oggi in Italia; già presenti dagli anni ’80 vengono aggravate dalla crisi finanziaria del 2007. Per capirne le cause è indispensabile da un lato guardare alle trasformazioni del capitalismo industriale in Occidente in conseguenza della globalizzazione e dall'altro alle trasformazioni di una società che diventa più complessa, lacerata da conflitti tra ceti e classi: in essa attori sociali con identità multiple sembrano avere più possibilità di manovra, ma di fatto continuano ad avere molti vincoli. Gli scarsi investimenti, inoltre, non permettono di assorbire le poche persone laureate e diplomate: dunque la qualità del lavoro non corrisponde a quella della forza lavoro.Unemployment, underemployment, discouragement, insecurity and poor quality are the faces with which work appears today in Italy; they are present already in the 80s, they were exacerbated by the financial crisis of 2007. To understand the causes is essential to one side to look at the transformations of industrial capitalism in the West as a result of globalization and on the other to the transformation of a society that becomes more complex, torn by conflicts between classes: in it social actors with multiple identities seem to have more possibilities of maneuver, but in fact they still have many constraints. Underinvestment, also, does not allow to absorb the few people graduates and diplomate: therefore, the quality of work does not match whit the workforce
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
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