1,720,993 research outputs found
The pathogenetic bases of sarcopenia
No full textAging is accompanied by involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength and function, called sarcopenia. The mechanisms underlying the development of sarcopenia are not completely understood and most likely multi-factorial, but significant progress has been made over the past few years to identify some of the major contributors. Besides life style-related factors, as diet and physical activity, sarcopenia seems to be also determined by hormonal dysregulation, chronic inflammatory status, ectopic adipose tissue accumulation, neurological and vascular changes associated with aging. The present mini-review focused on the basic factors that primarily impact muscle homeostasis in older subjects. A better understanding of cellular mechanism leading to sarcopenia is required to establish evidence-based intervention in order to prevent onset of symptoms associated with sarcopenia and to extend the time free from disability in older adults
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Sarcopenic Obesity
No full textThe aging of the world population together with the epidemic of obesity, raises serious
concern for health care systems in developed countries. The prevalence of obesity in old
people has dramatically increased in recent years: in the United States represents nearly
30% in men and in women aged 60 years and over, with an increase also in extreme degrees
of obesity. Spain and Italy showed similar patterns in studies carried out between 2006
and 2011.
Normal aging itself is associated with a progressive increase in fat mass, which normally
peaks at about age 65 years in men and later in women. Body fat distribution also
changes with age, with visceral abdominal fat increase, and subcutaneous abdominal fat
decrease. Moreover aging is also associated with ectopic fat deposition within nonadipose
tissue such as the skeletal and cardiac muscle, liver and pancreas. Age related
changes in fat deposition occur even without significant changes in body mass index (BMI)
or body weight. In the meantime, age associated loss of muscle mass and strength occurs
even in relatively weight stable healthy individuals.With aging, loss of muscle mass and gain in fat seem to be linked to each other and
contribute, in the presence of positive energy balance, to the development of SO.
Identification of elderly subjects with SO could help to identify a group of subjects with
particularly high health risk, and the concept of SO may help to clarify the relation between
obesity, morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
Recently, great effort has been done to improve sarcopenia definition in order to get it
carried out in the clinical assessment of elderly people. However, similar effort seems to be
mandatory also for SO definition
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The nature of bacteriomorphs: biogenicity and its detection N. 3
No full textAs the most abundant organisms on Earth since Early Archean, microbes display a wide range of degradation/fossilization possibilities. The discovery of microorganisms living in extreme terrestrial environments makes now plausible the search for life in the ancient deposits of the early Earth with two issues: i) the understanding of the origin of life on Earth, ii) the search for life on Mars and other planetary bodies which experienced environmental settings similar to the ones of early Earth. A crucial aspect in this investigation, however, is the development of criteria for i) a distinction between biogenic and abiogenic structures, and ii) how to distinguish possible contamination products.
The planned experiments focus on the recognition of the actual origin of bacteriomorphs and other alleged microbial morphologies. The target is to assess analytical procedures useful for a proper interpretation of alleged biogenic morphologies for which still ambiguous interpretations and the persisting problem of the sample preparation techniques may prevent their use as actual document of biogenic activity
Fluid escape features in the Equatorial regions of Mars: landing site potential and constrains of early Mars hydrology.
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