1,720,959 research outputs found
Contribution of Astrocytes in the Inflammatory Response During Hypoxic Retinopathy
No full textThe full text of this item is not available at this time because the author has placed this item under an embargo until March 11, 2025.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in the working age population and a significant global health concern. Evidence suggests that chronic inflammation and hypoxia contribute to retinal degeneration. Despite advances in understanding how inflammation and microglia contribute to DR pathology the responses of astrocytes, glial cells essential for vascular development and neuronal homeostasis, are not well understood. Inflammatory signals induce a neurotoxic response in astrocytes while hypoxic signals induce anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective responses. Here we seek to understanding the contribution of hypoxic astrocytes to retinal pathology. To investigate the contribution of hypoxic astrocytes in retinopathy a model of systemic hypoxia was used with animal models of microglia dysregulation which exacerbates inflammatory responses. This allows us to investigate how hypoxia and inflammation affect astrocyte responses in vivo. Here we report that hypoxia induces an anti-inflammatory response with an increase in CCL17 and decrease in IL-36γ; and that hypoxia dampens inflammatory response to endotoxemia with reduced expression of IL-2 and TNF-α dependent on microglial regulation. We also report hypoxia does not exacerbate inflammatory responses in the GFAP-CreERT2:Rosa26iDTR mouse, a transgenic mouse that allows for DTx-induced inflammatory astrocyte activation. These results suggest that hypoxic signaling in DR induces an anti-inflammatory effect. As inflammation and hypoxia are a feature of CNS diseases and injuries such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related macular degeneration the results presented here may be translatable to other disease research.Molecular Microbiology and Immunolog
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Changes in the microbial community of Lubomirskia baicalensis affected by Red Sponge Disease
Full text linkLake Baikal is the oldest known lake and a unique ecosystem, home to several species of fresh water sponge. A disease outbreak affecting the dominant species, Lubormirskia baialensis, was recently reported. The cause of the disease has not been determined but one of the current hypothesis is that the increase in methane concentration is correlated to the disease outbreak. This pilot study characterized the microbiomes of sick and healthy sponges through the use of 16S rRNA sequencing. Sick sponge microbiomes shared a conserved group of taxa while the healthy sponge microbiomes had greater diversity. Indicator species analysis identified two significant taxa in the sick sponges that are acidophilic. There was also a decrease of methanotroph taxa in the sick sponge samples compared to the healthy sponge samples which suggested methane was not associated with the disease outbreak. However decreased pH may be a factor related to Red Sponge Disease
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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