1,721,267 research outputs found
Replication data for: The Effect of Schooling on Cognitive Skills
No full textCarlsson, Magnus, Dahl, Gordon B., Ockert, Bjorn, and Rooth, Dan-Olof, (2015) "The Effect of Schooling on Cognitive Skills." Review of Economics and Statistics 97:3, 533-547
Replication data for: The Effect of Schooling on Cognitive Skills
No full textCarlsson, Magnus, Dahl, Gordon B., Ockert, Bjorn, and Rooth, Dan-Olof, (2015) "The Effect of Schooling on Cognitive Skills." Review of Economics and Statistics 97:3, 533-547
Scientific (Wo)manpower? Gender and the Composition and Earnings of PhDs in Sweden
Get PDFAlthough the share of female PhDs has increased explosively since the 1980s, little research has focused on the utilisation and remuneration of female versus male scientific human capital. Using rich Swedish cross-sectional register data on the stock of PhDs in 2004, this paper analyses to what extent men and women choose academic versus non-academic employment, and to what earnings differences these choices lead. Results show that women are significantly less likely than men to be academically employed in the natural sciences and medicine, whereas no significant gender differences prevail for the social sciences and the humanities. On average, women earn 15 per cent less than men, and the academically employed earn 24 per cent less than PhDs outside academia. Gender earnings differences are larger in the academic than in the non-academic labour market in the humanities and the natural sciences, whereas the opposite holds in the social sciences and medicine.gender, earnings, scientific human capital
Birth Weight in the Long Run
No full textWe study the effect of birth weight on long-run outcomes using data on Swedish twins born between 1926 and 1958 linked to administrative records spanning entire life-time labor market histories. We find that birth weight positively affects permanent income and income across large parts of the lifecycle. The timing of the birth weight–income relationship is in line with the role of birth weight in determining takeup of sickness benefits and morbidity. The effect of birth weight on labor market outcomes even for cohorts born 30 years apart are similar; for short run health outcomes, birth weight plays a decreasing role over time
Adopted Children in the Labour Market -Discrimination or Unobserved Characteristics?
No full textDetecting ethnic discrimination in the labour market using individual data is aggravated by individual ethnic-specific characteristics that are unobserved by the researcher. In an attempt to estimate the effect of skin colour on the probability of being employed (vs, unemployed), the labour market success of foreign-born adopted individuals is compared with that of natives. Specifically, the unexplained differences in the probability of being employed between natives and adoptees is investigated using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methodology. It is found that adoptees with dissimilar looks to natives fare worse in the labour market, measured as a lower probability of being employed, than natives, and that these differences can be attributed to an unexplained difference rather than a difference in characteristics observed by the researcher. Also, such large differences are not found for adoptees with a similar appearance to natives. Hence, we cannot exclude the possibility that skin colour discrimination exists in the labour market.</p
Do employers use unemployment as a sorting criterion when hiring? : Evidence from a field experiment
Get PDFThe stigma associated with long-term unemployment spells could create large inefficiencies in labor markets. While the existing literature points toward large stigma effects, it has proven difficult to estimate causal relationships. Using data from a field experiment, we find that long-term unemployment spells in the past do not matter for employers' hiring decisions, suggesting that subsequent work experience eliminates this negative signal. Nor do employers treat contemporary short-term unemployment spells differently, suggesting that they understand that worker/firm matching takes time. However, employers attach a negative value to contemporary unemployment spells lasting at least nine months, providing evidence of stigma effects
The shape of the income distribution and economic growth: Evidence from Swedish labor market regions
Get PDFWe analyze the association between inequality and growth across 72 labor market regions in Sweden 1990-2006. Highly accurate measures of growth and inequality (gini, Q3, p9075, p5010) are derived from population register data. The regional set-up also reduces problems with omitted variable bias and endogeneity found in cross country comparisons since the regions within a country share the same redistributive policies and institutions. The findings suggest that inequality between the 90th and 75th percentiles enhances regional growth. This result no longer holds when we take into account changes in commuting patterns. Although only suggestive, the finding is interesting in that it is consistent with the hypothesis that inequality enhances growth by stimulating commuting incentives
Three Generations in the New World. Labor Market Outcomes of Swedish Americans in the United States, 1880-2000
No full textRoughly one million Swedes emigrated to the USA between 1870 and 1920. These emigrants gave rise to over four million individuals with a Swedish ancestry currently living in the USA. This study shows that Swedes have maintained the geographic concentrations chosen by their parents and grandparents. Also, Swedish migrants were on average less educated than the US-born white population, yet their descendants tended to be relatively better educated. The statistical analysis of the data shows that Swedish-born men had lower, and women much lower, earnings than the native born. However, this position was not carried over to the subsequent generations who performed similar to natives with similar characteristics.</p
The Effect of Nutritious School Lunches on Education, Health, and Life-Time Income
No full textIn this article we present the long-run gains of adopting a nutritious school meal program for Swedish children. During the 1960s, Sweden rolled out a universal program that provided nutritious school lunches free of charge to all children in Swedish primary schools. Our results show that the school lunch program generated substantial long-term benefits, where pupils exposed to the program during their entire primary school period have 3 percent greater life-time earnings. This effect was greater for pupils from poor households, suggesting that the program reduced socioeconomic inequalities in adulthood. Exposure to the school lunch program also had substantial effects on educational attainment and healt
Increasing returns to schooling by ability? A comparison between the USA and Sweden
No full textThis study uses US survey data and Swedish register data to estimate and compare the relationship between returns to schooling and ability. A significant and positive relationship is found for Sweden, but not for the USA. Based on the predictions of the optimal schooling model it is argues that measured differences in the relationship between returns to schooling and ability could depend upon on differences in the schooling systems between the countries. The findings suggest that a low price of higher education in Sweden makes a relationship between returns to schooling and ability observable in Sweden but not in the USA
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