1,720,984 research outputs found
État et communautés villageoises dans la France moderne : en Bourgogne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
No full textRoot Hilton L. État et communautés villageoises dans la France moderne : en Bourgogne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. In: Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, tome 39 N°2, Avril-juin 1992. pp. 303-323
The Long-Run Effects of a Colonial Institution on Development and Political Economic Preferences: Evidence from Indonesia
Get PDFTaking advantage of a within-country variation that occurred in Indonesia during the country’s colonization by the Dutch, namely the development of a post road in Java in the early 19th century, this dissertation analyzes whether people who live nearer to the post road tend to have a higher level of economic development and stronger preferences for democracy and market economy compared to people who live in farther away areas. This dissertation finds that cities/regencies that are located closer to the post road tend to have higher development levels, but the people who live there do not show stronger preference for democracy although they do show a significantly stronger preference for market economy compared to people who live farther away from the road. The post road’s original purposes of improving Java’s transportation and communication networks for the Dutch military plausibly initiated the growths of trading and urbanization which eventually led to the increased welfare of societies near the road which then gradually spread into communities farther away. Having more opportunities of benefiting economically from the road may be the reason that people in areas nearer to the post road tend to show more acceptance toward market economy values. This dissertation also finds that regardless of their proximities to the road, democracy is highly preferred by majority of people across Java. However, further inspection shows that the people also generally have high preference for traditionalism values which are used as proxies for a feudalistic culture and generally are incompatible with democracy. This may be a reason to suspect that democracy in Indonesia is still vulnerable. This dissertation calls for more thorough investigations toward the role of enduring cultural traits and their effects on a society’s political economic preferences and suggests some follow-up research ideas building on its findings and elaborations
How Decentralization Matters to Conflict: Devising a Generalizable Framework
Get PDFThe academic literature on the impact of decentralization on conflict is not yet fully settled. Some scholars find decentralization reforms contributing towards conflict mitigation while others see them leading to conflict intensification. This has been a major constraint in designing conflict-sensitive decentralization reforms and in measuring their impact. This essay argues that decentralization's impact on conflict is a function of how such reforms affect the relationship between national-level elites and subnational-level (group) elites. By definition, decentralization distributes power spatially. Therefore, such reforms invariably impact the power-parity between inter-level elites. It could reinforce the power of elites at one level vis-à-vis that of elites at another level. Affected elites may then try to leverage the influence they enjoy over their constituents (group members) to respond to the shifting power balance. This would either promote cohesion at the national-level or encourage centrifugal forces. This will have direct implications for subnational conflict. This is a generalizable framework that can be applied to most contexts to interpret the relationship between decentralization and conflict. This essay goes onto formalize this relationship using game theory. Specifically, the essay uses a simple two-level game to capture the interaction between inter-level elites (per Daniel Treisman) while using the intuition of the selectorate theory (per Bueno de Mesquita et al.) to capture the ensuing intra-group dynamics
Governance and Political Entrepreneurship in India: Case Studies of Gujarat and Bihar
Get PDFCan leaders move beyond religion and caste politics to focus on good governance? Is there any link between good governance and political entrepreneurship? In India, Gujarat and Bihar are perceived as states that focus on development and improving governance. This dissertation explores changes in governance and electoral politics in these states between 2002-2014. Using mixed methods, this study examines how leaders in these states created winning coalitions and achieved electoral victories. It examines whether Gujarat’s Narendra Modi and Bihar’s Nitish Kumar can be termed political entrepreneurs based on a threefold criteria of innovations in (i) policy making, (ii) brand building and (iii) creating electorates
Exploring the Dynamics of Urban Development with Agent-Based Modeling: The Case of Pakistani Cities
Get PDFThe key character of leading world cities is that they attract the best and brightest minds, thus becoming drivers of innovation and prosperity. They offer world class educational opportunities, great infrastructure enabling seamless connectivity and ample public spaces to foster productive human interactions. Rapidly urbanizing cities in developing countries, however, are struggling to maintain adequate service delivery standards. By designing an agent-based model of urban form and function, this dissertation explores the interplay between land-use regulations, mobility and the clustering of economic activity. It provides a tool for simulating policy scenarios, thus supporting urban policy making in the developing world
Politiques frumentaires et violence collective en Europe au XVIIIe siècle
No full textGrain Policies and Collective Violence in Eighteenth Century Europe.
In this article the author contends that French policies designed to defend consumer interests produced price distortions that reduced overall income and transferred income from the countryside to the town. The term "moral economy" does not capture this aspect of early-modern crowd action. A more accurate description would emphasize the monopolistic character of the policies that crowds were trying to defend and the costs their actions imposed on the population at large. Although crowd actions promoted policies that imposed costs spread broadly across the population, these actions generated benefits that were localized and highly visible. Urban groups often benefitted at the expense of the more numerous but geographically diffuse peasantry. The moral economy argument does not account for these macro-economic outcomes of policies which in effect subsidized grain consumption for town dwellers. Moreover, the term ignores the competition between rural and urban interests. Most importantly, recent discussions of grain riots do not examine the different national outcomes of collective action.Root Hilton L. Politiques frumentaires et violence collective en Europe au XVIIIe siècle. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 45ᵉ année, N. 1, 1990. pp. 167-189
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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