1,720,964 research outputs found
Can a brief behavioural assessment and tailored exercise adherence strategies improve adherence to exercise for older people with musculoskeletal conditions?: A feasibility randomised controlled trial
Get PDFPrescribed exercise is a widely used and effective treatment for older people with musculoskeletal conditions. However, its effectiveness may be limited by adherence or non-adherence to exercise programmes. It is important to develop an understanding of how clinicians can help people change their behaviour and adhere better to their prescribed exercise programmes. The four work packages undertaken as part of this thesis aim to determine what approaches have been currently tested, in addition to exploring the exercise adherence experiences of patients and physiotherapists, in order to inform the development of a theoretically underpinned exercise adherence intervention.
Work package one, a systematic review of exercise adherence interventions for older people tested in randomised controlled trials found eleven studies. These studies were categorised based on the interventions they tested using a pre-defined and published behaviour change technique taxonomy. Interventions that were categorised in the Feedback and Monitoring category demonstrated positive results, with three separate studies reporting significantly better adherence to exercise compared to controls. However, the generalizability of these results is limited by the risk of bias. Four of the included studies offered a theoretical justification for their intervention, the other seven did not. The review concluded with the need for improved use, reporting and development of theoretically underpinned interventions in the field of exercise adherence for older people.
Work package two, a qualitative study explored how adherence and non-adherence affects physiotherapists and their practice. There are several approaches with the potential to help facilitate adherence to exercise that are underpinned by the interaction between clinicians and patients. It is therefore important to explore this problem from both sides. In the findings, physiotherapists outlined that this is a challenging area of practice, one where they need to be resilient. They spoke about the importance of knowing each individual patient and building a rapport with them. In addition to discussing a range of practical steps they try and take to facilitate improved exercise adherence. The findings highlight the need for robust interventions to help clinicians in this area.
Work package three involved the development and testing of a theoretically underpinned exercise adherence intervention for older people with musculoskeletal conditions: The Adherence for Exercise Rehabilitation in Older People (AERO) intervention. This was developed using an Intervention Mapping approach and was underpinned by the COM-B model of behaviour change. It involved offering individually tailored exercise adherence strategies based on a behavioural assessment undertaken as part of a routine physiotherapy appointment. The feasibility, acceptability and thus potential of this new intervention was tested in a feasibility randomised controlled trial involving 48 participants. The intervention and associated trial procedures were found to be feasible.
The fourth and final work package consisted of a second qualitative study to investigate the overall acceptability of the AERO trial and to explore exercise adherence from the patient’s perspective. Patients discussed their experience of trying to adhere to an exercise programme and the acceptability of AERO and all its procedures. Some suggestions to consider in a future randomised controlled trial were also outlined along with the difficulties of adhering to exercise programmes. Patients outlined the importance of the approach taken by the physiotherapist, being recognised as an individual, and having a good working relationship with the physiotherapist. This research has shown the importance of exercise adherence for older people with musculoskeletal conditions, the lack of theoretically underpinned interventions in the literature, the challenge that exercise adherence is for both patients and clinicians, and the feasibility of delivering tailored exercise adherence strategies to individual patients based on a brief behavioural assessment. There are several considerations outlined across the work packages that could be of importance to physiotherapists in clinical practice, including monitoring and feedback and the therapeutic relationship. However there remains the need for robust interventions in this area to help clinicians to facilitate better adherence to prescribed exercise. The AERO intervention was tested for its feasibility and acceptability and should now be tested in a robust appropriately powered randomised controlled trial
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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