1,720,982 research outputs found
Unveiling diversity in amino acid stable isotope profiles for classifying Italian rice varieties, refining types and cultivation methods
Full text linkUnveiling Diversity in amino acid stable isotope profiles for classifying rice Varieties, refining types and cultivation systems
Full text linkIsotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) is a promising tool in organic authentication cases. Premium-priced Italian rice varieties (Carnaroli, Arborio, Baldo) are used in cuisines worldwide for their unique qualitative properties. Organic authentication of rice by morphological assessment is unfeasible, while its market availability at different refining stages (brown, white) further increases the data variability. In this study, bulk and compound-specific (CS) − IRMS analysis of nine rice amino acids (AAs), by elemental analyser (EA) – IRMS and gas chromatography (GC) − combustion (C) − IRMS, respectively, were applied in order to explore their organic authentication potential in cases involving different rice varieties and refining types. The individual and interactive effects of the different variables were assessed on the δ13CAAs, δ15NAAs, δ13Cbulk and δ15Nbulk, and the sample classification was attempted by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and decision tree analysis (DTA). Organic authentication of brown rice was achieved by CS-IRMS. Generic rice was differentiated from all Italian organic and conventional varieties (δ15Nleucine < 2.5 ‰). The δ13C values of glutamic acid, glycine, phenylalanine and proline, significantly contributed to the complete LDA separation of conventional Arborio, conventional Carnaroli and organic Carnaroli samples. This study showcases the interplay between refining type, variety and cultivation, which should be considered in cases of organic authentication by IRMS method
Stable Isotope Analysis of Alcoholic Beverages: A Review
Full text linkAlcoholic beverages represent a sector of significant economic and cultural importance but are also susceptible to fraud and adulteration, which can compromise their quality and authenticity. Isotopic analyses have become increasingly valuable tools for tracing the geographical origin and ensuring the quality control of products such as wine, beer, and distilled spirits. This literature review examines the main isotopic analysis techniques employed in this field, including Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and Site-Specific Natural Isotope Fractionation by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SNIF-NMR), with a particular focus on the insights derived from the isotopic ratios of various elements, notably δ(2H), δ(13C), δ(18O), δ(15N) and δ(34S)
Physiologically inspired blinking behavior for a humanoid robot
No full textBlinking behavior is an important part of human nonverbal communication. It signals the psychological state of the social partner. In this study, we implemented different blinking behaviors for a humanoid robot with pronounced physical eyes. The blinking patterns implemented were either statistical or based on human physiological data. We investigated in an online study the influence of the different behaviors on the perception of the robot by human users with the help of the Godspeed questionnaire. Our results showed that, in the condition with human-like blinking behavior, the robot was perceived as being more intelligent compared to not blinking or statistical blinking. As we will argue, this finding represents the starting point for the design of a ‘holistic’ social robotic behavior
Application of NMR spectroscopy for identification of metabolites in horticultural products
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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