1,720,954 research outputs found
Proprietà sensoriali del caciocavallo Silano prodotto con differenti colture starter
No full textI formaggi a pasta filata sono in genere prodotti mediante l'uso di colture starter artigianali o selezionate; quelli a breve stagionatura, tuttavia, presentano un profilo sensoriale insoddisfacente. Al fine di promuovere l’evoluzione del profilo sensoriale di questi prodotti, il presente lavoro ha inteso valutare le proprietà sensoriali del formaggio Silano in funzione di due diverse colture starter, Tradizionale (ST: colture ad inoculo diretto di S. thermophilus) e Innovativo (ST+A: S. thermophilus con uno starter aggiuntivo per accelerare il processo di maturazione), e di due tempi di stagionatura (15d vs 30d). L’analisi qualitativa descrittiva (QDA) è stata condotta nel corso di 3 repliche, impiegando 11 panellisti, opportunamente addestrati mentre il Consumer test ha coinvolto 80 consumatori che hanno valutato solo i formaggi stagionati a 15d. Il tipo di Starter ha prodotto differenze significative su alcuni attributi relativi all’aspetto, poichè i formaggi ST+A hanno presentato un colore più uniforme (P<0,05) ma meno intenso (P<0,001). Il flavour di burro (P<0,05) e di latte (P<0,10) sono risultati più intensi nei Silani ST, caratterizzati anche da una maggiore adesività (P<0,05) ed oleosità (P<0,01). L’aumento del tempo di stagionatura ha indotto la riduzione del flavour di burro (P<0,05), della tenerezza (P<0,05) e dell’oleosità (P<0,05), mentre il flavour di panna (P<0,001), il gusto dolce (P<0,05), l’amaro (P<0,001), l’umami (P<0,05) e la granulosità (P<0,01) sono aumentati. Entro il prodotto tradizionale, il passaggio da 15 a 30d di stagionaltura ha determinato differenze solo in termini di flavour di panna (P<0,01), gusto amaro (P<0,01) e granulosità (P<0,01). Viceversa, il prodotto innovativo ha evidenziato variazioni nel flavour di burro (P<0,05) e di panna (P<0,001), nel gusto dolce (P<0,05), umami (P<0,001) e amaro (P<0,01) e nella consistenza oleosa (P<0,05). Tali risultati indicano che la presenza di uno starter aggiuntivo consente un’evoluzione più accentuata del profilo sensoriale dei caciocavalli Silani. Malgrado l’accettabilità sia risultata al di sopra del valore neutro di 5, i consumatori non hanno espresso un livello di gradevolezza differente in funzione del tipo di starter impiegato. Pertanto, uno studio delle relazioni fra i dati di preferenza e i dati sensoriali si rende necessario per verificare le esigenze di segmenti di mercato caratterizzati da preferenze diverse
Microbial changes of natural milk cultures for mozzarella cheese during repeated propagation cycles
No full textNatural milk cultures are undefined starters produced by a selective treatment (milk pasteurization, incubation at high temperature and backslopping), and used for the production of Mozzarella cheese.
The objective of this study was to monitor the microbial composition (at or below the species level) and the variability of two model laboratory cultures (LC) and an artisanal culture (NMC) produced at a dairy plant over 13 reproduction cycles using culture independent and dependent methods. PCR-DGGE of V3 region of 16S RNA gene and of a fragment of the lacSZ operon of Streptococcus thermophilus proved that the cultures were dominated by S. thermophilus but other species (Lactobacillus delbrueckii, L. helveticus, Lactococcus lactis, enterococci) were present. These results were partially confirmed by culture dependent analysis. Molecular identification and typing (RAPD-PCR and lacSZ PCR-DGGE and partial
sequencing of serB in S. thermophilus) confirmed NMC had the highest diversity, while the two replicate LCs diverged at some early stage. Variability in acid production activity and in aroma production was also observed, and was highest in NMC. S. thermophilus bacteriophages were detected by multiplex PCR
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
