1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Biofilms colonisateurs des tuiles en terre cuite : diversité, mécanismes et solutions anti-verdissement innovantes
No full textLes tuiles en terre cuite sont des matériaux de construction traditionnels et extrêmement répandus, notamment en France. Cependant, les tuiles verdissent au cours du temps, c’est-à-dire que des taches vertes ou sombres apparaissent, ainsi que des lichens et des mousses. Ce phénomène qui induit des coûts d’entretiens importants s’appelle la biodétérioration et est lié aux activités de nombreux macro- et microorganismes, formant un biofilm. Cependant, la diversité et les activités de ces colonisateurs restent mal connus, alors que cette connaissance est essentielle pour lutter efficacement contre le « verdissement ». Les expériences in situ réalisées au cours de cette thèse ont montré l’impact du climat sur la vitesse de colonisation des tuiles et la proportion des colonisateurs microbiens majeurs. Néanmoins, nos inventaires de diversité ont révélé que les mêmes taxas bactériens, algaux et fongiques colonisent les tuiles, quel que soit leur nature ou leur condition d’exposition. De plus, de nombreux champignons mélanisés (Cladosporium sp., Constantinomyces sp.) ont été identifiés ; ainsi que des microorganismes liés à la formation de lichens comme des Protéobactéries (Methylobacterium sp., Sphingomonas sp.) et des algues lichénisantes (Trebouxia sp., Stichococcus sp.). Nos analyses in vitro ont montré que la compétition était intense au sein du biofilm colonisant les tuiles en terre cuite, avec la production de nombreuses molécules antimicrobiennes. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons passé en revue les solutions actuelles disponibles et mis au point un biotest innovant pour les évaluer. Notre analyse révèle de nombreuses limites aux solutions anti-salissures existantes. En considérant les défis environnementaux actuels et le durcissement des législations à venir, il parait fondamental de poursuivre cette évaluation des traitements conventionnels, de développer de nouvelles solutions éco-compatibles mais surtout de combiner au cas par cas les solutions possibles en fonction entre autres du climat, du type de matériau, de l’identité et de l’activité des organismes colonisateurs responsables de la biodétérioration.Ceramic roof tiles are traditional and widespread building materials, especially in France. However, tiles turn green over time, i.e., green or dark spots appear, as well as lichens and mosses. This phenomenon, which induces significant maintenance costs, is called biodeterioration and is linked to the activities of numerous macro- and microorganisms, forming a biofilm. However, the diversity and activities of these colonizers remain poorly known, whereas this knowledge is essential to fight against the "greening" effectively. The in situ experiments carried out along this thesis showed the impact of climate on the rate of tile colonization and how it affects the proportion of primary microbial colonizers. However, our diversity inventories also revealed that similar bacterial, algal, and fungal taxa colonize the tiles regardless of their type or exposure condition. Besides, many melanized fungi (Cladosporium sp., Constantinomyces sp.) were identified, as well as microorganisms related to lichen formation such as Proteobacteria (Methylobacterium sp., Sphingomonas sp.) and lichenizing algae (Trebouxia sp., Stichococcus sp.). Our in vitro analyses showed the existence of intense competition within the biofilm colonizing the ceramic roof tiles, resulting in the production of numerous antimicrobial molecules. Secondly, we reviewed the currently available solutions and developed an innovative biotest to evaluate them. Our analysis reveals many limitations of the existing antifouling solutions. Considering the current environmental challenges and the restrictions that will be induced by future legislation, it appears fundamental to pursue this evaluation of conventional treatments, to develop new eco-compatible solutions, but above all to combine on a case-by-case basis the possible solutions depending considering, among others, climatic features, the type of material, the identity and the activity of the colonizing organisms responsible for biodeterioration
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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