77 research outputs found
Results-based approach in agri-environmental measures under the (new) EU Common Agricultural Policy: exploring compliance issues with the World Trade Organisation
No full textAcademic biography of Professor Roman Budzinowski
No full textBiografia naukowa Profesora Romana BudzinowskiegoBiografia scientifica del Professor Roman BudzinowskiAcademic biography of Professor Roman Budzinowsk
Czasopisma prawnorolne w Polsce. Refleksje na tle periodyków zachodnioeuropejskich
No full textThe aim of this paper is to evaluate Polish agricultural law periodicals in comparison with their Western European counterparts. In particular, the evaluation takes into account the mission of the periodicals, their thematic scope, the layout and language of the texts published, and the circle of their addressees-readers. With consideration given to the length of time that such periodicals have been on the publishing market and their publication output, the Italian context is the first to be taken into account, before attention turns to German, French, and Spanish periodicals. The author concludes that agricultural law periodicals were established at different stages in the development of this branch of law. The oldest one (Rivista di Diritto Agrario) brought the name of this new normative matter into scientific circulation, and subsequently contributed to both the separation of agricultural law in the system of law and its further development. Other periodicals (Agrar- und Umweltrecht, Revue de Droit Rural and Revista de Derecho Agrario y Alimentrario) were established in the 1970s and 1980s, with a view to strengthening the science of agriculturallaw and its influence on the practice of law-making and application. In this light, Polish agricultural law periodicals look somewhat inferior, as they are characterized by a short period of functioning on the publishing market. The future of the periodical Przegląd Prawa Rolnego (Agricultural Law Review), the only agricultural law journal in Poland, is under threat, due to the fact that authors now tend to submit articles on agricultural law to other, more highly-ranked journals.Celem rozważań jest sformułowanie oceny czasopism prawnorolnych w Polsce na tle periodyków zachodnioeuropejskich. W szczególności ocena ta ma na uwadze misję czasopisma, jego zakres tematyczny, układ treści i język publikacji oraz krąg ich adresatów-czytelników. Ze względu na okres funkcjonowania na rynku wydawniczym oraz dorobek publikacyjny w pierwszej kolejności uwzględnia się doświadczenia włoskie, a następnie niemieckie, francuskie i hiszpańskie. W konkluzji autor stwierdza między innymi, że czasopisma z zakresu prawa rolnego były zakładane na różnych etapach rozwoju tej gałęzi prawa. Najstarsze („Rivista di Diritto Agrario”) wprowadziło do obiegu naukowego nazwę nowej materii normatywnej, przyczyniło się do wyodrębnienia prawa rolnego w systemie prawa i jej dalszego rozwoju. Kolejne z nich („Agrar- und Umweltrecht”, „Revue de Droit Rural” i „Revista de Derecho Agrario y Alimentrario”) zostały utworzone w latach siedemdziesiątych i osiemdziesiątych ubiegłego wieku, by wzmocnić naukę prawa rolnego i jej oddziaływanie na praktykę stanowienia i stosowania prawa. Na tym tle niezbyt dobrze wypadają czasopisma prawnorolne w Polsce, gdyż charakteryzuje je krótki okres funkcjonowania na rynku wydawniczym. Zagrożenie dla przyszłości „Przeglądu Prawa Rolnego”, jedynego obecnie w Polsce czasopisma prawnorolnego, może wynikać z kierowania przez autorów artykułów z zakresu prawa rolnego do druku do innych, wyżej punktowanych czasopism
The concept of agricultural real estate according to the civil code (art. 55 3)
No full textThe article investigates the concept of agricultural real estate according to
Art. 553 of the Civil Code. In particular, the author poses the question to what
extent this concept corresponds with the requirements of modern agriculture.
Three issues have been analysed in detail: the legal structure of an agricultural
real estate, the basis of unity of components arranged into an agricultural
real estate and the legal qualification and functions of particular material components
of an agricultural real estate. The author concludes that the legislator
does not treat an agricultural real estate as a unit of ownership only, but
approaches this issue from the objective angle. For the time being, such an
approach may be considered sufficient. However, in the future there may appear
the neeed to pay more attention to functional aspects of an agricultural real
estate, and thus the reference to the economic category of an agricultural real
estate may prove necessary. At present, the concept of an agricultural productive
unit assumes the presence of agricultural land. This is why the Civil Code
provisions on agricultural real estates are not applicable to agricultural productive
units that do not have such land. The author postulates to amend the Code
provisions adequately.Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/201
Geneza prawa rolnego jako dziedziny legislacji
No full textThe paper aims at characterising the main issues related to the genesis of agricultural law as a legislative branch and present experiences of several European states (France, Italy, Spain and Germany) in that area. Against that background the origins and development of Polish agricultural law is shown.
The author formulates three basic conclusions:
Firstly, the genesis of agricultural law is linked to the growing number of agricultural law regulations present in civil law (eg. in France or Spain) and administrative law (eg. in Germany and Poland) since it was only when the combined approach of civil and administrative regulations had been put together that they led to a situation in which agricultural law could evolve as a separate branch independent of civil law on the one hand, and freed from the restrains of administrative law, on the other.
Secondly, the genesis of agricultural law is more related to the changes in civil law, i.e. to the so-called transition from common civil law to detailed regulations in the standardising of agricultural matters. The latter were implemented under the influence of the individualism of civil codes of the 19th century. The new regulation expressed a novel attitude to land as well as a special treatment of land, emphasising that it should not only be perceived as owned property, but also as a production good, the service of which is used in and agricultural activity.
Thirdly, the genesis of agricultural law is connected with the seeking of a certain balance between what is economic, and what is social. As a result of that, agricultural law regulations have been, to a large extent, protective towards those who cultivated the land.Dans son article, l\u27auteur prend en consideration des experiences des certaines pays europeens comme la France, l\u27Italie, l\u27Espagne et l\u27Allemagne. Sur ce fond il present la genese du droit rural en Pologne.
La genese du droit rural est liee avec l\u27apparition des regulations concernants l\u27agriculture dans le cadre plutot du droit civil (dans le pays avec la forte tradition romaine) ou plutot dans le cadre du droit administratif (en Allemagne ou en Pologne). Pourtant, ce n\u27est que la combinaison des reglements juridiques civils et administratifs adresses aux problemes de l\u27agriculture a conduit a la separation du droit rural du droit civil. En meme temps, cette regulation n\u27a pas permis de cloturer cette nouvelle branche du droit dans le cadre du droit administratif. Outre, la genese du droit rural correspond aux changements dans le droit civil, surtout a son passage du droit civil universel aux reglements particuliers. L’individualisme des codes civils du XIXe siecle n\u27a pas ete convenable avec une autre vision de la terre agricole selon laquelle elle n\u27est pas seulement l’objet de la propriete mais elle constitue un bien productif destine a etre exploite agricolement. A l\u27origine du droit rural il y avait la volonte de mettre en equilibre tout ce qui etait economique avec tout ce qui etait sociale. En resultat, le but des regulations du droit rural consistait a la defense des interets de ceux qui travaillaient sur la terre.Rozważania dotyczące prawa rolnego nie mogą pomijać genezy tej dziedziny legislacji. Uzasadnieniem dla tego stwierdzenia jest nie tylko ogólny pogląd o znaczeniu refleksji historycznej w badaniach prawa rolnego. Sięgnięcie do „narodzin" otwiera bowiem szersze teoretyczne perspektywy w prezentowaniu kształtowania się ustawodawstwa dotyczącego rolnictwa oraz związanych z tym procesem koncepcji doktrynalnych co do wyodrębnienia prawa rolnego w systemie prawa. Pozwala sformułować pewne prawidłowości, cechy swoiste ewolucji ustawodawstwa rolnego, ukazać wpływ różnych czynników i sam mechanizm zmian. Na tym tle łatwiejsze będzie określenie współczesnych tendencji rozwoju prawa rolnego i kierunków jego kształtowania w przyszłości
THE LEGAL STATUS OF A FARMER AS AN ENTREPRENEUR (SELECTED ASPECTS)
No full textThe article is an attempt at defining the legal status of a farmer as an entrepreneur, presented
on the background of developing legislation. Additionally, the author makes a tentative appraisal
of legal provisions regulating this status and points at the main directions of the legislative changes.
The author discusses the notion of farmer in the legal sense, then presents the category of
agricultural entrepreneur in the Italian law, and finally makes a review of relevant legislation
with a special focus on the following three crucial documents: obligation code of 1934, business
activity act of 1988, and the business activity law act of 1999.
The author concludes that it is legitimate to view a farmer as an entrepreneur in the light of
the binding legislation. He considers it to be a drawback of the existing regulations that this
conclusion must be arrived at indirectly due to the lack of a general regulation regarding the
status o f farmers. In order to strengthen the position of a farmer, the author deems it necessary to
characterise a farmer clearly as an entrepreneur, introduce the category of an agricultural entrepreneur,
and update the definition of agricultural activity
Ustrojowy czynnik rozwoju prawa rolnego
No full textThe objective of the study was to provide general assessment of the role of constitutional
provisions regulating agriculture in the shaping of agricultural law.
The author first analyses relevant provisions in selected European constitutions and
then discusses article 23 o f Poland's Constitution in more detail. Article 23 provides that
the basis o f the agricultural system o f the State is the family farm. Looking for guidelines how to construe this constitutional 'agricultural' provision, the author quotes other provisions,
and in particular the one which describes the social market economy as the basis of
the economic system. The agricultural system (as well as the agricultural market) is an
element o f a social market economy. Thus agriculture is also part o f the national economy,
which means a departure from the strictly liberal attitude to it, allowing for certain corrections,
or adjustments o f the market rules.
In conclusion the author states that the provisions o f Poland's constitution justify an
agricultural policy whose aim is to ensure that agriculture enjoys more favourable development
conditions than those secured by the available market mechanisms. Such a policy
is based on the need to take account o f the specificity o f agriculture that makes it so distinct
from other sectors o f the economy.
The actual role o f the Constitution o f the Polish Republic in the development o f agricultural
law is not significant. As the legislative experience has shown so far, while the
'corrective' function o f the 'agricultural' provision of Poland's Constitution is very clear, its
creative function is not at all pronounced. On the other hand, the recent years have proved
a growing importance o f the international, and in particular European factor, in the development
of agricultural law in Poland
INTERNATIONAL FACTOR OF AGRICULTURAL LAW DEVELOPMENT
No full textAgricultural law development is determined by factors that exist within the internal
boundaries o f a given state on the one hand, and by certain international factors, on the
other. While the former ones are o f a local character only, the latter comprise a number of
phenomena o f a supranational character, e.g. political, economic or legal, which are
responsible for political choices in individual states regarding agricultural policies, thus
influencing the development o f relevant legal regulations.
In the paper the author discusses two phenomena o f an international character,
although o f different scope and direction o f influence: globalisation and régionalisation
(limited, for the purpose o f the paper, to integration within the European Community).
Then he explains how those two influence the development o f Polish agricultural law.
Globalisation and régionalisation determine the directions o f the necessary developments
in Polish agriculture, and consequently, modifications of legal regulations. And so, Polish
agricultural law stands somewhat amongst globalisation, régionalisation and its local
character. The resulting changes are most visible in the spheres o f domestic law that come
directly under the Common Agricultural Policy. The author postulates that the remaining
spheres o f national agricultural law should also be modified and approximated to meet the
contemporary requirements
The Family Character of the Individual Farm. Legal Issues
No full textThe Constitutional Changes Act of 20 July, 1983, has enriched the hitherto
existing characterisation of individual farms with the adjective "family". The adjective
reflects a basic feature of this productive unit. At the same time, the expression
"a family farm" specifies a new normative construction. The object under
consideration are those legal issues, which might be used to specify more closely
the normative construction of the family farm. The author discusses such detailed issues as: personal relations among the family working on the farm, the importance
of a common place of residence and of a joint running of the house family
work on the farm and the connections between the family and the holding. Concluding,
the author states, that the degree to which the legislator takes into consideration
the family character of the individual farm is a reflection of the attitude
of the state to this form of farming. In the period when no perspectives of growth
were created for individual farms, the "family" character of this productive unit
was not noticed or even ignored. It is different today, when premanence and
stability is guaranteed to individual farms.Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/201
Il futuro del diritto agrario
No full textThe purpose of these considerations is to determine the future of agricultural law. The
Author makes the following assumptions: firstly, regulation on various aspects related to
agriculture will build itself up also in the future and its separation as agricultural law will
still be possible due to specific features thereof; secondly, the subject of agricultural law
shall not be restricted to production of agricultural goods, but at the same time omitting the
stage of primary agricultural production seems impossible against the background of the
ongoing extension f legislation in the sphere of agriculture and farm related activities.
Such different aspects of legal regulation of this part of the economy should be formulated
in a way which allows for agricultural law consolidation - not its distraction.
The Author concludes by pointing at new foundations of agricultural law development
and takes note of legislation growth in the field of agri-environment law, agri-food law
and rural development law.L’obiettivo delle considerazioni svolte nell’articolo e il tentativo di determinare il
futuro del diritto agrario. L’Autore assume due presupposti: il primo che anche nel futuro
aumentera la regolazione giuridica concemente i diversi aspetti dell’agricoltura, che puó
essere - dato i suoi caratteri - individuata come diritto agrario; il secondo - che e owio - e che
non si puó ridurre l’oggetto del diritto agrario alla sola produzione di prodotti agricoli, ma
nello stesso tempo - dato l’ampliamento della legislazione concemente l ’agricoltura o con
l ’agricoltura soltanto connessa - questo aspetto non puó essere tralasciato. I diversi aspetti
della regolazione giuridica di questo settore dell’economia dovrebbero essere formulati in
modo tale da portare alia consolidazione del diritto agrario e non alia sua disintegrazione.
In conclusione l’Autore indica le nuove basi dello sviluppo del diritto agrario,
esponendo lo sviluppo della legislazione concemente il diritto agro-ambientale, agro-
alimentare e il diritto sullo sviluppo rurale
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