1,721,012 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Gut microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics in pediatrics
No full textIntestinal microbiota plays an important role in gut metabolism, defense against environmental pathogens, motility and immune system regulation. Microbiota is gradually aquired from the environment during and after delivery, with several factors, such as feeding habits, disease and antibiotic treatment, importantly influencing its composition. Growing awareness about the importance of the intestinal microbiota for the host physiologic processes and health has led to development of different strategies how to influence its composition and function. Probiotics, specific live microorganisms which when ingested in sufficient amount can promote health benefit to the host, and prebiotics, nondigestible food ingredients that benefit the host by selectively stimulating the favorable growth and/or activity of a limited number of health-promoting bacteria, have been increasingly used in the last decades. They exert their beneficial effects through three main mechanisms: by changing gut ecology, affecting the intestinal mucosal barrier, and by modulating the immune response. The efficacy of pro- and prebiotics in clinical practice has been extensively studied. The results of clinical studies with the specific strain or strains in a defined dose and vehicle should not be extrapolated to the use of other products. There is strong scientific evidence for the use of specific probiotics in acute gastroenteritis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis, prevention of relapses of ulcerative colitis and pouchitis, as well as enhancing immune response, and some evidence of efficacy in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, active ulcerative colitis, and functional gastrointestinal disorders.</p
Effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri for prevention and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants, children and adolescents (Review)
No full textFunctional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) with their extremely high prevalence and important influence on patients’ quality of life and health costs represent a major problem. Their etiopathogenesis is multifactorial and disturbances in a composition of intestinal microbiota as well as specific potentially pathogenic microorganisms seem to have crucial role in it. Probiotics with their broad spectrum of actions, including strengthening of colonisatiton resistance against pathogens, enhancement of barrier function, regulation of intestinal immune response, alleviation of inflammation, and both direct and indirect influence on gut motility or sensitivity, represent one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for these disorders. Numerous clinical studies revealed their efficacy in different FGIDs. However, the pathogenesis of different types of disorders is not similar, and neither are mechanisms of action of different probiotic strains. Several Lactobacillus reuteri strains exhibit various characteristics such as secretion of antimicrobial reuterin, production of short-chain fatty acids, down-regulation of inflammatory immune response, and direct influence on enteric nervous system among the others, which render them good candidates for prevention and treatment of various FGIDs. This paper reviews clinical studies on the effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri in the therapy of FGIDs in infants, children and adolescents. Results of multiple studies support its use for prevention and treatment of infant colic and improvement of delayed gastric emptying and regurgitation. In addition, individual studies suggest potential usefulness of specific Lactobacillus reuteri strains for the alleviation of constipation and functional abdominal pain.</p
The treatment of esophageal achalasia: endoscopic dilation of the lower esophageal sphyncter or surgical myotomy with partial fundoplication
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