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From unilateral preferences to Reciprocity: Impact of the ACP – EU EPA on ESA countries
Get PDFThis paper attempts to analyze the welfare impact of the creation of the EU-ESA Economic Partnership Agreement, on ESA members against a benchmarked scenario which is the multilateral liberalization scenario. Ten regions by ten sectors aggregation of the GTAP model is used. The sector aggregation takes care of sensitive products which ESA countries decided not to liberalise for obvious reasons. While the EPAs is implemented as from 2008 and all the data, including the protection data, in the GTAP database version 6.1 has the common reference year of 2001, the dataset is updated to reflect (i) the EU enlargement and (ii) the phase out of the Multi Fibre Agreement. Four different experiments are simulated. Results show that (i) although under all scenarios welfare effect increase, Uganda and Madagascar tend to benefit the least and (ii) for some countries, such as Madagascar, Malawi and Zimbabwe, the required overall structural adjustment is low
From unilateral preferences to Reciprocity: Impact of the ACP – EU EPA on ESA countries
Get PDFThis paper attempts to analyze the welfare impact of the creation of the EU-ESA Economic Partnership Agreement, on ESA members against a benchmarked scenario which is the multilateral liberalization scenario. Ten regions by ten sectors aggregation of the GTAP model is used. The sector aggregation takes care of sensitive products which ESA countries decided not to liberalise for obvious reasons. While the EPAs is implemented as from 2008 and all the data, including the protection data, in the GTAP database version 6.1 has the common reference year of 2001, the dataset is updated to reflect (i) the EU enlargement and (ii) the phase out of the Multi Fibre Agreement. Four different experiments are simulated. Results show that (i) although under all scenarios welfare effect increase, Uganda and Madagascar tend to benefit the least and (ii) for some countries, such as Madagascar, Malawi and Zimbabwe, the required overall structural adjustment is low
The net contribution of the Mauritian export processing zone using benefit-cost analysis
No full textAn EPZ is basically no more than a device whereby imports, to be used in the production of exports, can be acquired by manufacturers on a bonded duty-free basis. They are literally industrial zones with special incentives to attract foreign investors in which imported materials undergo some degree of processing before being exported again. The logic behind these zones was the creation of an area in which domestic policies do not hold and in which, therefore, a government could implement policies designed to enable individual firms to invest profitably on the basis of a country's comparative advantage. However, although there is significant literature on the impact of EPZs on host countries, nevertheless, the evidence has mainly been concerned with their benefits and costs and has stopped short of formal benefit-cost analysis. In essence, what the empirical studies have lacked, including those done on the Mauritius Export Processing Zone (MEPZ), has been an analytical framework within which the benefits and costs of EPZs can be identified conceptually and quantified empirically. In this respect, the objective of the current paper is to formally attempt to calculate the net contribution of the MEPZ using a modified version of the enclave model put forward by Warr (1988). The results show that although Mauritius has been able to attain its objective of reducing employment and raising foreign exchange through the creation of the EPZ, yet overall the EPZ has cost more to the economy than the benefits it has conferred to the economy. This is principally because of the incentives that were given to the producers working in the EPZ sector. The costs of these incentives were higher than the overall returns obtained from the sector. The two variables that negatively contributed to the sector were domestic borrowings and electricity usage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tourism and economic growth: African evidence from panel vector autoregressive framework
Get PDFUsing a panel vector autoregressive model this paper investigates the dynamic and endogeneous contribution of tourism to output based on a sample of 40 African countries for the period 1990 - 2006. Results from the study confirm tourism to be an important ingredient of African development although private investment, openness, and human capital remain the main drivers. Further analysis reveals the existence of a reverse causation from national income to tourism development, thus confirming both tourism-led economic development and economic-driven tourism growth. Tourism is also observed to enhance private investment and the presence of bicausality between private investment, education, and income level is observed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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