1,721,129 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Estudios de secreción de IL-12 en macrófagos J774A.1
Full text linkEl tráfico de membranas en macrófagos activados es requerido para dos eventos críticos en la inmunidad innata, como son fagocitosis y secreción de citoquinas proinflamatorias. Sin embargo, no existe evidencia significativa a cerca de las rutas de secreción en macrófagos, excepto para IL-1 β (Andrei et al., 2004) y TNF-a, en infección por Cándida albicans (Murray et al., 2005) y Leishmania amazonensis (Montoya, 2010), a diferencia de la secreción en células endocrinas y neuroendocrinas donde la evidencia es muy amplia. Por lo tanto, ésta propuesta está basada en el convencimiento que sólo una comprensión adecuada de la secreción de mediadores químicos por parte del macrófago permitirá determinar qué respuestas son o no específicas de la infección por Leishmania. Se evaluaron la secreción de IL-12p70 en sobrenadantes de cultivo de macrófagos de la línea celular J774A.1 por ensayos de citometría de flujo, la localización y distribución de IL-12p40/ 70 y p40 por microscopía confocal en diferentes grupos experimentales: macrófagos activados con INF y LPS, infección por Leishmania y fagocitosis de partículas de látex que generan diferentes tamaños de fagosoma (28 μm3, 136 μm3 similar a la infección 48hpi y fagosomas grandes 370μm3), para determinar el impacto del volumen del fagosoma sobre localización, distribución y secreción de IL-12. Nuestros resultados muestran que IL-12 no se produce de manera constitutiva en macrófagos J774A.1; se produce de manera regulada, inducida por estímulo conINF-g y LPS. L. amazonensis, induce disminución de la producción de IL-12p70 y desactivación en macrófagos estimulados con INF-g y LPS. IL-12p40/70 es retenida en compartimentos del RE-Golgi y compartimentos endolisosomales donde colocaliza con marcadores como CALNEXINA, SNAP-23 y LAMP-1 respectivamente. La colocalización de IL-12 con estos marcadores, sugiere exocitosis de esta proteína mediada por: 1. vesículas secretoras por la ruta de secreción biosintética, 2. Lisosomas secretorios por la ruta endocítica, y 3. Exocitosis por fusión directa del RE con la MP. INF-g y LPS inducen la producción de IL-12p40 en fagocitosis de partículas de látex y, ésta es retenida a nivel perifagosomal, sin secreción del heterodímero p70. Estos resultados sugieren que la producción de IL-12 es parásito-inespecífica y que la inhibición de la secreción de IL-12 en fagocitosis puede ser el resultado del impacto del volúmen, donde fagosomas de gran tamaño de Leishmania o partículas de látex, retienen un pool intracelular de IL-12p40/70 con efectos en la exocitosis del heterodímero p70.Abstract. The membrane traffic in activated macrophages is required for critical events associated with innate immunity, like phagocytosis of pathogens and secretion of cytokines. The intracellular trafficking and secretion pathways of many of the proinflammatory cytokines has not been elucidated, except in the cases of IL-1 beta (Andrei et al., 2004) and TNF-α (Murray et al., 2005). Therefore, the secretory pathway of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12, link between innate and adaptive immune response, was studied in the macrophage-cell line J774.A1 in different functional stages (rest, after phagocytosis and after classical activation) as well as after infection with the human pathogen Leishmania amazonensis. Secretion of IL-12p70 was evaluated by flow cytometry and localization and distribution of IL-12p40/70 and p40 by confocal microscopy. The results found show that IL-12 is not constitutively secreted and activation of the macrophage with INF-γ and LPS is required for its secretion. Infection with L. amazonensis deactivates macrophages and causes retention of this cytokine in compartments of the RE-Golgi and endocytic compartments where it co-localizes with the markers Calnexin, SNAP-23 and LAMP-1 respectively. This co-localization, suggests exocitosis of this protein by multiple pathways:1. Secretory vesicles by the biosyntetic secretory route, 2. Endocytic route by secretory lysosomes, and 3. Exocytosis by direct fusion of the ER with the PM. A similar result was found after phagocytosis of loads that generated pahgosomes of a volume equivalent to that of L. amazonensis infection, induced retention of IL-12 at periphagosomal level, without secretion of the p70 heterodimer. These results suggest that large loads inside the macrophage promote retention of IL-12 therefore explaining lower secretion levels independent of the nature of the particle phagocytosed by the macrophage.Doctorad
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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