1,720,973 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Multiple Anwendung von Statistischer Entropie: Neue Methoden zur Bewertung der Effektivität von Recyclingprozessen sowie der Recyclingfähigkeit von Produkten
Full text linkIm Jahr 2015 wurde das erste Kreislaufwirtschaftspaket von der Europäischen Union (EU) umgesetzt, um eine nachhaltigere Wirtschaft in der EU zu etablieren EU (European Commission, 2014b, 2014a, 2018b, 2018a; European Union, 2020). Ziel der Kreislaufwirtschaft ist es, von einer linearen in eine zirkuläre Wirtschaft überzugehen, in der Produkte und Materialien in Kreislauf gehalten werden, wodurch der Ressourcenverbrauch,das Abfallaufkommen und die Umweltauswirkungen deutlich reduziert werden. Dieser Übergang ist ein komplexes Unterfangen, das eine umfassende Überwachung und Bewertung erfordert. Daher hat die EU verschiedene Maßnahmen zur Entwicklung neuer Bewertungsmethoden und -indikatoren festgelegt, mit denen für eine Kreislaufwirtschaft relevante Prozesse und Aspekte bewertet werden. Einerseits plant die EU, bestehende Bewertungsmethoden und Indikatoren zu verbessern und andererseits Neue zu entwickeln (European Union, 2020).Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Bewertungsmethoden zu entwickeln, die sich auf die Bewertung von recyclingrelevanten Bedingungen konzentrieren. Frühere Anwendungen haben gezeigt, dass das Konzept der Statistischen Entropie (SE) eine geeignete Methode für die Bewertungverschiedener Prozesse in der Ressourcen- und Abfallwirtschaft darstellt (Rechberger, 1999;Rechberger and Brunner, 2002; Dahmus and Gutowski, 2007; Velázquez Martínez et al.,2019; Parchomenko et al., 2020). SE beschreibt die Verteilung von Materialien in einem betrachteten System. Stark vermischte Materialien führen zu einer hohen SE, während reine Materialien einen minimale SE aufweisen. Beim Recycling hängt die Leistung wesentlich von der Verteilung der Materialien ab, wobei reine Materialien für das Recycling günstig sind,gemischte Materialien jedoch das Recycling erschweren. Daher scheint SE für die Bewertungvon Recyclingbedingungen geeignet und wird in der folgenden Arbeit verwendet.Zunächst wird eine Bewertungsmethode entwickelt, die darauf abzielt, die quantitative und qualitative Leistung von Recyclingprozessen zu bewerten. Hintergrund ist, dass die der zeitige europäische Methode zur Bewertung der Recyclingleistung, nämlich die Berechnung der Recyclingquote, auf einem rein quantitativen Ansatz beruht und somit die qualitativen Aspekte des Recyclings (Reinheit des recycelten Materialoutputs) vernachlässigt. Die Leistung von Recyclingverfahren sollte nicht nur die Fähigkeit widerspiegeln, Zielmaterialien von unerwünschten Materialien zu trennen, sondern auch die Fähigkeit, Zielmaterialien mit hoher Reinheit im Recyclingoutput zu konzentrieren. Die entwickelte Bewertungsmethode bringt beide Recyclingaspekte zum Ausdruck, indem sie getrennte Massenbilanzen eines Recyclingprozesses erstellt, von denen eine die gesamten Massenflüsse des Recyclingprozesses (= quantitativer) und die andere die Zielmaterialmassenflüsse (=qualitativ) darstellt. Durch Kombination dieser Massenbilanzen kann die Konzentration des Zielmaterials in den Outputmasseflüssen bestimmt werden, was die qualitative Leistung des Recyclingprozesses widerspiegelt. Das Endergebnis wird als ein einziger Wert dargestellt, der einfache Vergleiche ermöglicht. Der resultierende "Recyclingeffektivität" (RE) Indikator ermöglicht aussagekräftige Vergleiche zwischen verschiedenen Recyclingprozessen und stellt somit eine ergänzende Messgröße zur herkömmlichen Recyclingquote dar.Zweitens werden Produkte und deren Design in Hinblick auf deren Recyclingfähigkeit untersucht. Produkte, die aus reinen Materialien bestehen, sind im Allgemeinen leichter zu recyceln als solche, die ein Materialgemisch aufweisen. Auch in dieser Hinsicht scheint SE ein geeignetes Maß für die Ableitung der Recyclingfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Materialzusammensetzung des Produkts zu sein. Darüber hinaus wird die Struktur des Produkts und damit die Möglichkeit der Zerlegbarkeit von Produktteilen bei der Bewertung der Recyclingfähigkeit berücksichtigt, da die Demontage einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Rückgewinnung von konzentrierten Materialien hat. Da diese Produktmerkmale in der Entwurfsphase festgelegt werden, bezieht sich die Bewertung auf diese Produktphase. Dieneue Bewertungsmethode und der daraus resultierende "Relative produkt-inhärent Recyclingfähigkeit" (RPR) Indikator bewerten die produkt-inhärente Recyclingfähigkeit auf der Grundlage der Materialzusammensetzung und Struktur des Produkts. Die Ergebnisse der RPR-Bewertung liefern relevante Einblicke in die Recyclingfähigkeit des Produktes und ermöglichen so rechtzeitige Optimierungen des Produktdesigns.Die neuen Bewertungsmethoden bieten eine fundierte Bewertung von recyclingrelevanten Bedingungen und ermöglichen so aussagekräftige Vergleiche und Optimierungen.Verschiedene Akteure könnten von der Anwendung der neuen Indikatoren profitieren, um die Recyclingleistung insgesamt zu steigern und eine nachhaltigere Umwelt zu schaffen. Die EU könnte die Indikatoren nutzen, um ihre CE-Strategien voranzubringen und die Fortschritte auf dem Weg zu einer CE zu bewerten.Back in 2015, the first Circular Economy (CE) Package was implemented by the European Union (EU), aiming to establish a more sustainable economy within the EU (European Commission, 2014b, 2014a, 2018b, 2018a; European Union, 2020). The goal of CE is to move away from a linear economy to one that keeps products and materials in circulation, thus significantly reducing resource demand, waste generation and environmental impacts. This transition represents a complex undertaking that needs comprehensive monitoring and evaluation. Therefore, the EU set various actions to promote new assessment methods and indicators, evaluating processes and aspects relevant in a CE. On the one hand, the EU plans to improve existing assessment methods and indicators and, on the other hand, to develop new ones (European Union, 2020).This thesis aims to develop assessment methods that focus on evaluating recycling-relevant conditions. Previous applications demonstrated that the concept of statistical entropy (SE) offers a suitable measure for assessing various processes in resource and waste management (Rechberger, 1999; Rechberger and Brunner, 2002; Dahmus and Gutowski, 2007; VelázquezMartínez et al., 2019; Parchomenko et al., 2020). SE describes the distribution of materials ina system observed. Strongly mixed materials result in a high SE, while pure materials show a minimum SE. In recycling, the performance significantly depends on the distribution of materials, where pure materials are favourable for recycling, but mixed materials complicate recycling. Thus, SE seems suitable for assessing recycling conditions and is subsequently used for the following thesis.First, an assessment method is developed that aims to evaluate recycling processes' quantitative and qualitative performance. The background is that the current European method to evaluate recycling performances, namely the recycling rate calculation, is based on a purely quantitative approach, thus neglecting to assess qualitative recycling aspects (purity of the recycled material output). The performance of recycling processes should not only reflect itspower to separate target materials from unwanted materials but more over its power to concentrate target materials of high concentration in the recycling output. The developed assessment method finds a way to express both aspects by establishing separate mass balances of recycling processes, one that displays the total mass flows of the recycling process(= quantitative) and one showing the target material mass flows (= qualitative). By combining these mass balances, the concentration of the target material in the output mass flows can be determined, thus reflecting the recycling process's qualitative performance. The final result is presented as a single value, allowing easy comparisons. The resulting “Recycling Effectiveness” (RE) indicator allows significant comparisons between different recycling processes and thus poses a complementary metric to the conventional recycling rate.Second, products and their design are analysed concerning their recyclability. Products that comprise pure materials are generally easier to recycle than ones showing material mixture.Also, in this respect, SE seems an appropriate measure for the deduction of the recyclability conditioned by the product's material composition. Further, the structure of the product and thus the possibility of disassembling product parts is considered for the recyclability assessment because disassembly significantly impacts the recovery of concentrated materials. As these product characteristics are decided in the design phase, the assessment concerns this product phase. Thus, the new assessment method and the resulting "Relativeproduct-inherent recyclability" (RPR) indicator evaluate the product-inherent recyclability based on the product's material composition and structure. The results of the RPR assessment provide relevant insights into the product's recyclability, thus enabling early product design optimizations.The new assessment methods and resulting indicators offer profound evaluation of recycling relevant conditions, thus allowing meaningful comparisons and optimizations. Different stakeholders might profit by applying the new indicators to increase the overall recycling performance and create a more sustainable environment. The EU could use the indicators to promote their CE strategies and further evaluate the progress towards a CE
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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