31 research outputs found
A catalogue of the tribe Sepidiini Eschscholtz, 1829 (Tenebrionidae, Pimeliinae) of the world
No full textThis catalogue includes all valid family-group (six subtribes), genus-group (55 genera, 33 subgenera), and species-group names (1009 species and subspecies) of Sepidiini darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae), and their available synonyms. For each name, the author, year, and page number of the description are provided, with additional information (e.g., type species for genus-group names, author of synonymies for invalid taxa, notes) depending on the taxon rank. Verified distributional records (loci typici and data acquired from revisionary publications) for all the species are gathered. Distribution of the subtribes is illustrated and discussed.
Several new nomenclatural acts are included. The generic names Phanerotomea Koch, 1958 [= Ocnodes Fåhraeus, 1870] and Parmularia Koch, 1955 [= Psammodes Kirby, 1819] are new synonyms (valid names in square brackets).
The following new combinations are proposed: Ocnodes acuductus acuductus (Ancey, 1883), O.
acuductus ufipanus (Koch, 1952), O.
adamantinus (Koch, 1952), O.
argenteofasciatus (Koch, 1953), O.
arnoldi arnoldi (Koch, 1952), O.
arnoldi sabianus (Koch, 1952), O. barbosai (Koch, 1952), O. basilewskyi (Koch, 1952), O. bellmarleyi (Koch, 1952), O.
benguelensis (Koch, 1952), O.
bertolonii (Guérin-Méneville, 1844), O.
blandus (Koch, 1952), O.
brevicornis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1875), O.
brunnescens brunnescens (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
brunnescens molestus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1875), O.
buccinator (Koch, 1952), O.
bushmanicus (Koch, 1952), O.
carbonarius (Gerstaecker, 1854), O.
cardiopterus (Fairmaire, 1888), O.
cataractus (Koch, 1952), O.
cinerarius (Koch, 1952), O.
complanatus (Koch, 1952), O.
confertus (Koch, 1952), O.
congruens (Péringuey, 1899), O.
cordiventris (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
crocodilinus (Koch, 1952), O.
dimorphus (Koch, 1952), O.
distinctus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
dolosus (Péringuey, 1899), O.
dorsocostatus (Gebien, 1910), O.
dubiosus (Péringuey, 1899), O.
ejectus (Koch, 1952), O.
epronoticus (Koch, 1952), O.
erichsoni (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
ferreirae ferreirae (Koch, 1952), O.
ferreirae zulu (Koch, 1952), O.
fettingi (Haag-Rutenberg, 1875), O.
fistucans (Koch, 1952), O.
fraternus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1875), O.
freyi (Koch, 1952), O.
freudei (Koch, 1952), O.
fulgidus (Koch, 1952), O.
funestus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
gemmeulus (Koch, 1952), O.
gibberosulus (Péringuey, 1908), O.
gibbus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1879), O.
globosus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
granisterna (Koch, 1952), O.
granulosicollis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. gridellii (Koch, 1960), O.
guerini guerini (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
guerini lawrencii (Koch, 1954), O.
guerini mancus (Koch 1954), O.
haemorrhoidalis haemorrhoidalis (Koch, 1952), O.
haemorrhoidalis salubris (Koch, 1952), O.
heydeni (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
humeralis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
humerangula (Koch, 1952), O.
imbricatus (Koch, 1952), O. imitator imitator (Péringuey, 1899), O.
imitator invadens (Koch, 1952), O.
inflatus (Koch, 1952), O.
janssensi (Koch, 1952), O.
javeti (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
junodi (Péringuey, 1899), O.
kulzeri (Koch, 1952), O.
lacustris (Koch, 1952), O.
laevigatus (Olivier, 1795), O.
lanceolatus (Koch, 1953), O.
licitus (Peringey, 1899), O.
luctuosus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
luxurosus (Koch, 1952), O.
maputoensis (Koch, 1952), O.
marginicollis (Koch, 1952), O.
martinsi (Koch, 1952), O.
melleus (Koch, 1952), O.
mendicus estermanni (Koch, 1952), O.
mendicus mendicus (Péringuey, 1899), O.
miles (Péringuey, 1908), O.
mimeticus (Koch, 1952), O.
misolampoides (Fairmaire, 1888), O.
mixtus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
monacha (Koch, 1952), O.
montanus (Koch, 1952), O.
mozambicus (Koch, 1952), O.
muliebris curtus (Koch, 1952), O.
muliebris muliebris (Koch, 1952), O.
muliebris silvestris (Koch, 1952), O.
nervosus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. notatum (Thunberg, 1787), O.
notaticollis (Koch, 1952), O.
odorans (Koch, 1952), O.
opacus (Solier, 1843), O.
osbecki (Billberg, 1815), O.
overlaeti (Koch, 1952), O.
ovulus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
pachysoma ornata (Koch, 1952), O.
pachysoma pachysoma (Péringuey, 1892), O.
papillosus (Koch, 1952), O.
pedator (Fairmaire, 1888), O.
perlucidus (Koch, 1952), O.
planus (Koch, 1952), O.
pretorianus (Koch, 1952), O.
procursus (Péringuey, 1899), O.
protectus (Koch, 1952), O.
punctatissimus (Koch, 1952), O.
puncticollis (Koch, 1952), O.
punctipennis planisculptus (Koch, 1952), O.
punctipennis punctipennis (Harold, 1878), O.
punctipleura (Koch, 1952), O.
rhodesianus (Koch, 1952), O.
roriferus (Koch, 1952), O.
rufipes (Harold, 1878), O.
saltuarius (Koch, 1952), O. scabricollis (Gerstaecker, 1854), O.
scopulipes (Koch, 1952), O.
scrobicollis griqua (Koch, 1952), O.
scrobicollis simulans (Koch, 1952), O.
semirasus (Koch, 1952), O.
semiscabrum (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
sericicollis (Koch, 1952), O. similis (Péringuey, 1899), O.
sjoestedti (Gebien, 1910), O.
spatulipes (Koch, 1952), O.
specularis (Péringuey, 1899), O.
spinigerus (Koch, 1952), O.
stevensoni (Koch, 1952), O.
tarsocnoides (Koch, 1952), O.
temulentus (Koch, 1952), O.
tenebrosus melanarius (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
tenebrosus tenebrosus (Erichson, 1843), O.
tibialis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
torosus (Koch, 1952), O.
transversicollis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1879), O.
tumidus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.
umvumanus (Koch, 1952), O.
vagus (Péringuey, 1899), O.
vaticinus (Péringuey, 1899), O.
verecundus (Péringuey, 1899), O.
vetustus (Koch, 1952), O.
vexator (Péringuey, 1899), O.
virago (Koch, 1952), O.
warmeloi (Koch, 1953), O.
zanzibaricus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1875), Psammophanes antinorii (Gridelli, 1939), and P. mirei (Pierre, 1979).
The type species [placed in square brackets] of the following genus-group taxa are designated for the first time, Ocnodes Fåhraeus, 1870 [Ocnodes scrobicollis Fåhraeus, 1870], Psammodophysis Péringuey, 1899 [Psammodophysis probes Péringuey, 1899], and Trachynotidus Péringuey, 1899 [Psammodes thoreyi Haag-Rutenberg, 1871].
A lectotype is designated for Histrionotus omercooperi Koch, 1955 in order to fix its taxonomic status. Ulamus Kamiński is introduced here as a replacement name for Echinotus Marwick, 1935 [Type species. Avicula echinata Smith, 1817] (Mollusca: Pteriidae) to avoid homonymy with Echinotus Solier, 1843 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Investigation of Substituent Effect in Modified Nature-Sourced Polymers: Rational Side Chain Engineering to Control Yield, Design, and Properties
No full textThe improvement of propionic acid safety and use during the preservation of stored grains
No full textThe Virgin HIV Puzzle: Can misreporting account for the high proportion of HIV cases in self-reported virgins?
No full textThe Demographic and Health Surveys from Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Malawi reveal that a significant proportion of HIV infections in adolescent women occurred in women who claim to be virgin. Two possible conclusions arise from this observation: adolescent women misreport sexual status or non-sexual risk is more relevant than previously asserted. This paper uses a nonparametric model to estimate the proportion of HIV infections associated with sexual activity under different assumptions on data accuracy. It shows that there is an inverse relation between data accuracy and importance of sexual HIV transmission. If all adolescent women in the considered sub-sample correctly report sexual activity, 70% of HIV infections cannot be attributed to sexual HIV transmission. The model predicts that more than 95% of HIV infections are due to sexual HIV infections, if a substantial proportion of self-reported virgins (between 40 and 90%) misreport sexual status. --adolescent,HIV,misreporting,nonparametric modelling,sexual transmission
Investigation of Substituent Effect in Modified Nature-Sourced Polymers: Rational Side Chain Engineering to Control Yield, Design, and Properties
No full text“Side chain
engineering” research has yielded many
promising and beneficial results, with applications in various fields.
However, this research did not receive sufficient focus when nature-sourced
polymers are concerned. In this study, we have performed side chain
engineering on chitosan, a nature-sourced polysaccharide, by coupling
it with a number of aliphatic aldehydes of varying chain lengths.
The side chains’ length and the pursuing effect on the modified
products’ properties were studied in great detail. In terms
of coupling yields, it was found that some substituents have displayed
more favorable results than others by a factor of over 35 times. When
studying the modified polymers’ physical and mechanical properties,
some of them were found to exhibit more rigid mechanical properties
by a factor of 3.5 times than others. The effect was also expressed
through self-assembly concentrations and encapsulation capabilities
of the modified polymers. Remarkably, the combined experimental and
calculated kinetic studies showed the results do not necessarily follow
a linear progression relating to substituent chain length, but rather
a parabolic pattern with a specific extremum point. This study has
assisted in shedding light on the inspected phenomenon, explaining
that not only steric and electronic factors but also interfacial solubility
related factors govern the coupling reaction and the resulting modified
polymers’ properties. As chemical protocols in various academic,
clinical, and industrial studies around the world slowly shift their
norms toward finding safer ways for the production of novel materials
and technologies, nature-sourced polymers hold great promise as virtually
inexhaustible raw materials. The perfection of their chemical modification
is therefore relevant now more than ever, with far-reaching and diverse
applicative prospects
Two-year outcomes of a prospective study of proton therapy for breast cancer regional nodal irradiation.
No full text 65 Background: Through improved nodal coverage and decreased dose to the heart and lung, proton therapy (PT) may improve the therapeutic ratio for treatment of breast cancer requiring regional nodal irradiation (RNI). The purpose of this study is to report 2-year disease control and toxicity. Methods: From May 2012 to February 2014, 18 women (stage IIA-IIIB) were prospectively enrolled on a pilot study. Median age was 51.8 yrs (range, 42-73), with equal division between breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy and right- and left-sided cancers. Median number of positive nodes among the 16 node-positive patients was 2 (range, 1-14). Five patients had ≥ 10 nodes positive on axillary dissection (N3a). Treatment targets (clinical target volumes for breast/chest wall, supraclavicular, axillary, internal mammary nodes) and organs at risk were delineated on CT scans. PT alone was used for 10 patients (9 postmastectomy; 1 postBCT) and combined proton-photon in 8 (all BCT). Toxicity was prospectively recorded using CTCAE v4.0. Results: Median follow-up was 1.9 yrs (range, 0.3 – 1.7). Two-year overall survival was 94% and locoregional control was 100%. Two-year distant metastases-free survival was 76%. No grade 4+ toxicity developed. Two patients developed grade 3 cellulitis. One patient had a reconstructive failure associated with postsurgical cellulitis. A right-sided patient was diagnosed with congestive heart failure 2 months after completing PT after diagnosis of a pulmonary embolus 1 month prior. She had elevated B-type natriuretic peptide before PT after adriamycin-based chemotherapy. Mean heart dose was 0 Gy and cardiac V5 0%. Grade 2 toxicities included pneumonitis in 1 patient who received concurrent chemotherapy, fatigue (n = 1), breast atrophy after removal of a 10x6x3cm lumpectomy cavity (n = 1), and lymphedema in 1 patient with > 20 nodes surgically excised. One patient with a history of rib fractures developed an ipsilateral rib fracture 7 months after PT. Conclusions: For women with locally advanced breast cancer, PT for RNI has proven feasible after either mastectomy or BCT. PT allows for highly conformal radiation delivery without compromise of target coverage or excess exposure of normal tissue. Clinical trial information: NCT01365845. </jats:p
Quantifying metastatic inefficiency:rare genotypes versus rare dynamics
No full textWe introduce and solve a 'null model' of stochastic metastatic colonization. The model is described by a single parameter ?: the ratio of the rate of cell division to the rate of cell death for a disseminated tumour cell in a given secondary tissue environment. We are primarily interested in the case in which colonizing cells are poorly adapted for proliferation in the local tissue environment, so that cell death is more likely than cell division, i.e. ? 1, we find that the probability of establishment is exponentially rare, as expected, and yet the mean time for such rare events is of the form ~log (N)/(1 - ?) while the standard deviation of colonization times is ~1/(1 - ?). Thus, counter to naive expectation, for ? 1), i.e. the statistics show a duality mapping (1 - ?) --> (? - 1). We conclude our analysis with a study of heterogeneity in the fitness of colonising cells, and describe a phase diagram delineating parameter regions in which metastatic colonization is dominated either by low or high fitness cells, showing that both are plausible given our current knowledge of physiological conditions in human cancer
Eliminating the Need for Biocidal Agents in Anti-Biofouling Polymers by Applying Grafted Nanosilica Instead
No full textEfficient production of fungal chitosan utilizing an advanced freeze-thawing method; quality and activity studies
No full textFamily planning programs in sub-Saharan Africa
No full textIn the 1980s, signs that sub-Saharan Africans would welcome family planning in numbers sufficient to make a difference in fertility rates were scattered and weak. Pessimists cited formidable cultural and socioeconomic barriers; optimists provided resources for pilot projects, coupled with research to document results and to guide expansion and replication. Among projects with measurable achievements in acceptance of family planning in settings that were less than promising were the Ghana Registered Midwives Project, the Ruhengeri Project in Rwanda, and the Sudan Community-Based Family Health Project. All were associated with the Operations Research Program of Columbia University's Center for Population and Family Health. In Ghana, midwives in private practice were trained and given other support to initiate family planning services. In Rwanda, rural community development volunteers added family planning to their educational activities. In the Sudan, rural catchment areas and work assignments of rural primary health care personnel were changed to introduce family planning and strengthen other child survival services. Positive results were evident from quantitative measures of service delivery and, in Rwanda and the Sudan, from an increase in contraceptive prevalence in the project areas. Other criteria for success included improved management skills, motivation for replicating successful programmatic elements, and potential for continuity. Questions remain as to why attitudes changed, when contraceptive use for family limitation will be practiced widely, and how applicable the experiences reported here are to other locations. These projects do not provide the answers. They do, nonetheless, support an optimistic view for the future offamily planning in sub-Saharan Africa.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Adolescent Health,ICT Policy and Strategies,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Early Child and Children's Health
