16 research outputs found
On Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Augmentation through Pin Fin Heat Sink by Laterally Impinging Air Jet
No full textAbstractComputational study of heat transfer augmentation using air jet impingement is the most contemporary provocation in the micro scale and electronic packaging systems. Since the cooling of heat sink becomes the most prior and conspicuous issue, as far as the efficiency and life of the system is concerned. Hence enhancement in local heat transfer coefficient becomes a most primitive parameter in the looming world of electronic packaging system. Extensive research is carried out in the area of steady air jet impinging over the flat plate by varying geometric as well as the injection parameters. Not only that, plenty amount of research works is also available with pin fin array as the target surface. But the numerical analysis of the current problem in commercial simulating software seems to be done very less. This work is beneficial as far as the visualization of various contours; physical time and effort required in performing experiments are concerned. The present research tries to propose a valid and optimum grid size required by the current computational domain in order to obtain the results which are independent of grid size. Also an appropriate turbulence model capable of accurately predicting the realizable flow regime is being proposed. Since the heat interaction data needs to be well predicted in near wall and jet system; region simultaneously, shear stress transport model is recommended for the present computational study
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 3 - A rare disorder: Case report
Get PDFEarly infantile epileptic encephalopathy is a severe form of epileptic encephalopathies which is characterized by the onset of generalized or lateralized tonic spasms within 3 months of life. These spasms are not dependent on sleep cycle and can occur hundreds of times per day, which may lead to psychomotor impairment and death. EIEE may be caused by different etiologies. Structural brain abnormalities, metabolic disorders or genetic abnormalities in certain genes can lead to EIEE. Interictal ‘Suppresion Burst’ EEG pattern is characteristic of EIEE. We are reporting this infant who showed neurodevelopmental delay and severe psychomotor impairment. He received inj. ACTH therapy and oral steroids along with multiple anticonvulsants, which showed only marginal improvement. He was diagnosed as having Early Epileptic Encephalopathy-3, due to SLC25A22 gene, (also named ‘GC1’, MIM #609302, NM_024698), which encodes a mitochondrial glutamate carrier, responsible for an autosomal recessive form of neonatal epileptic encephalopathy, hence parents were studied for the gene defect, although they were asymptomatic. In both the parents, SLC25A22 gene was detected on exon 2 on chromosome11 in heterozygous form. Parents were counselled regarding poor prognosis of baby. At the age of 15 months of life, baby succumbed to death
Bacillus As Potential Probiotics: Status, Concerns, and Future Perspectives
Get PDFSpore-forming bacilli are being explored for the production and preservation of food for many centuries. The inherent ability of production of large number of secretory proteins, enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, vitamins, and carotenoids specifies the importance of bacilli in food chain. Additionally, Bacillus spp. are gaining interest in human health related functional food research coupled with their enhanced tolerance and survivability under hostile environment of gastrointestinal tract. Besides, bacilli are more stable during processing and storage of food and pharmaceutical preparations, making them more suitable candidate for health promoting formulations. Further, Bacillus strains also possess biotherapeutic potential which is connected with their ability to interact with the internal milieu of the host by producing variety of antimicrobial peptides and small extracellular effector molecules. Nonetheless, with proposed scientific evidences, commercial probiotic supplements, and functional foods comprising of Bacillus spp. had not gained much credential in general population, since the debate over probiotic vs pathogen tag of Bacillus in the research and production terrains is confusing consumers. Hence, it’s important to clearly understand the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of selective beneficial Bacillus spp. and their substantiation with those having GRAS status, to reach a consensus over the same. This review highlights the probiotic candidature of spore forming Bacillus spp. and presents an overview of the proposed health benefits, including application in food and pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, the growing need to evaluate the safety of individual Bacillus strains as well as species on a case by case basis and necessity of more profound analysis for the selection and identification of Bacillus probiotic candidates are also taken into consideration
A comparative study between the conventional and advanced biomass pretreatment methods applied on the Napier Grass used as a biomass
No full textThis paper presents a comparative analysis of the traditional and advanced pretreatment methods on the Napier Grass used as a biomass. It is a perennial C-4 type grass belongs to a sugarcane family, also called as Pennisetum Purpureum. It is found in abundance all across the world and traditionally used as a cattle feed stock in India.The author made an attempt for better effectiveness of the Napier Grass processing towards better productivity by using various pretreatment methods viz: Spectrophotometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Enzyme Hydrolysis and Sonication.Napier Grass has lignocellulosic fibers with structural carbohydrates that requires pretreatment and enzymatically saccharified before they fermented into monomeric sugars and biofuel. The experimentation is carried out to examine the release of structural carbohydrate from Napier Grass using dilute acid pretreatment. In order to accelerate the process, the protein-rich fungus biomass Rhizopus Oligosporus has been added to the crude Napier Grass juice.It has been observed that, if green processed Napier Grass is treated with 5% concentrated sulfuric acid for a time span of 45 min at 120 °C, that results to yield the highest concentration of glucose from hemicellulose and cellulose with the highest quantum of xylose.The experimental result shows an increase in monomeric sugar that released from Napier Grass fibers after enzymatic saccharification process and the xylose and glucose concentrations achieved to 85.5% by dry weight of Napier grass
Assessment of concomitant versus sequential trastuzumab on radiation-induced cardiovascular toxicity
Get PDFThere are limited data regarding effect of trastuzumab on radiation-induced cardiovascular toxicity when used sequentially or concomitantly. This experimental study aims to investigate effect of trastuzumab on radiation-induced cardiovascular toxicity with respect to the treatment sequence. One hundred and eight female Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups (G): G1 was control, G2 was trastuzumab, and G3 was radiotherapy (RT); G4 and G6 were sequential RT and trastuzumab; and G5 was concomitant RT and trastuzumab groups, respectively. Rats were killed at 6th h, 21st and 70th days after RT; thoracic aorta and heart samples were obtained. Transthoracic echocardiography and functional studies evaluating relaxation of thoracic aorta were performed. Subendothelial edema scores of thoracic aorta samples at 21st and 70th days were higher in RT groups (G3, G4, G5, and G6) (p < 0.001). There was a deterioration of relaxation responses of thoracic aorta samples in RT groups (p < 0.001). Cardiac fibrosis (CF) scores revealed detrimental effect of RT beginning from 6th h and trastuzumab from 21st day. RT groups showed further deterioration of CF at 70th day. Ejection fraction, left ventricular mass, and fractional shortening were significantly decreased in G4, G5, and G6. Trastuzumab may increase pathological damage in cardiovascular structures when used with RT regardless of timing.Gulhane Military Medical Academy [AR. 2010/73]The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by Gulhane Military Medical Academy (AR. 2010/73). There is no role of study sponsors in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication
Antimicrobial Resistance: Its Surveillance, Impact, and Alternative Management Strategies in Dairy Animals
No full textAntimicrobial resistance (AMR), one among the most common priority areas identified by both national and international agencies, is mushrooming as a silent pandemic. The advancement in public health care through introduction of antibiotics against infectious agents is now being threatened by global development of multidrug-resistant strains. These strains are product of both continuous evolution and un-checked antimicrobial usage (AMU). Though antibiotic application in livestock has largely contributed toward health and productivity, it has also played significant role in evolution of resistant strains. Although, a significant emphasis has been given to AMR in humans, trends in animals, on other hand, are not much emphasized. Dairy farming involves surplus use of antibiotics as prophylactic and growth promoting agents. This non-therapeutic application of antibiotics, their dosage, and withdrawal period needs to be re-evaluated and rationally defined. A dairy animal also poses a serious risk of transmission of resistant strains to humans and environment. Outlining the scope of the problem is necessary for formulating and monitoring an active response to AMR. Effective and commendably connected surveillance programs at multidisciplinary level can contribute to better understand and minimize the emergence of resistance. Besides, it requires a renewed emphasis on investments into research for finding alternate, safe, cost effective, and innovative strategies, parallel to discovery of new antibiotics. Nevertheless, numerous direct or indirect novel approaches based on host–microbial interaction and molecular mechanisms of pathogens are also being developed and corroborated by researchers to combat the threat of resistance. This review places a concerted effort to club the current outline of AMU and AMR in dairy animals; ongoing global surveillance and monitoring programs; its impact at animal human interface; and strategies for combating resistance with an extensive overview on possible alternates to current day antibiotics that could be implemented in livestock sector
Antimicrobial Resistance: Its Surveillance, Impact, and Alternative Management Strategies in Dairy Animals
No full textIn vitro Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Goat Milk
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