457 research outputs found
Money, politics and a future for the international financial system
No full textIn developing the architecture for a financial system, the challenge is to combine deregulation and safety nets against systemic failure with effective prudential regulation and oversight. The author analyzes three approaches to choosing an adequate regulatory framework for a financial system. a) Those most worried about panic and herd behavior tend to favor relatively extensive controls on financial institutions'activities, including controls on interest rates and on the volume and direction of lending. b) Those most concerned about moral hazard advocate abolishing controls and safety nets, seeing the solution is stronger market discipline and reduced powers and discretion for regulators. c) Mainstream opinion advocates a mix of measures, to both strengthen market discipline and improve regulatory oversight. The approach a county opts for depends on 1) which monetary and exchange rate regime it chooses, 2) whether it is more concerned about moral hazard or about panic and herd behavior, and 3) how the politics of reform shape its solutions. The author suggests a scenario for development of the global financial system over the next two or three decades that assumes that the final outcome will resemble the market solution - not because that is the optimal policy choice but because of how political weakness will interact with advances in settlement technology. In the author's scenario, the world moves toward a monetary system in which fixed exchange rate systems or de facto currency competition limit the power of central banks. This limits options for discretionary and open-ended liquidity support to help deal with systemic financial crises. The costs of inflexible exchange rates are moderated by new types of wage contracts, using units of account that are correlated with the shocks a particular industry or kind of contract faces -- thus maintaining the positive aspects of monetary systems with flexible nominal exchange rates. Mistrust in monetary authorities and the emergence of private settlements lead to a return of asset-backed money as the means of payment. The disciplines on financial systems come to resemble somewhat those of historical"free banking"systems, with financial institutions requiring high levels of equity and payments systems protected only by limited, fully funded safety nets.Banks&Banking Reform,Fiscal&Monetary Policy,Financial Intermediation,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Macroeconomic Management,Financial Intermediation,Financial Economics
Institutional reform and the judiciary : which way forward?
No full textThe author presents some general lessons in institution-building that has relevance for judiciary reform. She emphasizes the value of simplicity in design commensurate with country capacity, the importance of innovation and experimentation, and of economic openness in effective institution-building. The author underscores how the incentives of individuals depend on both the details of institutional design within the judiciary and also some critical institutions external to the judiciary. Finally she argues for the need to ground reform initiatives on a solid empirical and comparative approach. The author illustrates some of these issues by drawing on a recent project conducted by the World Bank and other institutions.Judicial System Reform,Judicial System Reform,Legal Institutions of the Market Economy,Decentralization,Legal Products,Judicial System Reform,Legal Institutions of the Market Economy,Judicial System Reform,Children and Youth,Environmental Economics&Policies
Author Correction: Defining the r factor for post-trauma resilience and its neural predictors
No full textAuthor Correction for "Defining the r factor for post-trauma resilience and its neural predictors
Design metrics for evaluating the propulsive efficiency of future ships
No full textThere is an increasing need for the ship design process to take account of environmental issues such as the emission of greenhouse gases and the likely extension of a carbon dioxide charging mechanism to international shipping. These issues, together with the need for economic viability, provide further incentives to improve the efficiency of propulsion of ships. The main components of powering are firstly reviewed. Individual components and other power saving devices are identified which should contribute to improvements in the overall efficiency of propulsion. Suitable design metrics and procedures, taking into account economic and environmental factors, are recommended for the design of future ships
The German Merchant in Late Nineteenth Century Japan : Nationalism, Colonialism, and Contentious Masculinity in A. R. Weber's Novel Kontorrock und Konsulatsmütze
No full textapplication/pdfIn this article, I reconstruct late nineteenth century discourses on race, gender and nation as they intersect in the
novel Kontorrock and Konsulatsmütze [Office Coat and Consular Cap] (1886). The novel is set in Japan during the
period of upheaval prior to and shortly after the Meiji Restoration (1868). It was written by Arthur Richard Weber, a
merchant from the duchy of Schleswig, who had lived and worked in Japan during that time. My analysis shows how
colonialism, stereotypes of gender and race, nationalist sentiment and anti-capitalism, as well as the anxieties of the
narrator-protagonist as a member of the "late-coming" German nation, an expatriate, and a member of the merchant
class - often stereotyped as greedy and egoistic - converge in this gendered construction of the expatriate German
merchant and his Others. My rereading of Weber's novel from the viewpoint outlined above also implies reservations
regarding the way in which it has been treated by some previous commentators, namely, as a straightforward source on
the events surrounding the "opening" of Japan, on the history of Germans in Japan, and on life in the treaty ports. Such
an approach has tended to coincide with, on the one hand, laudation of the author as an early Japanophile and, on the
other, a lack of sensitivity to the racism, colonialism and misogyny implicit in this text.2011.2.14正誤表(Errata）追加journal articl
A General C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–C(sp<sup>3</sup>) Cross-Coupling of Benzyl Sulfonylhydrazones with Alkyl Boronic Acids
No full textA general transition-metal-free cross-coupling
between benzylic
sulfonylhydrazones and 1°, 2°, or 3° alkyl boronic
acids is reported. The base-promoted reaction is operationally simple
and exhibits a broad substrate scope to forge a variety of alkyl–alkyl
bonds, including between sterically encumbered secondary and tertiary
sp3-carbons. The ability of this method to simplify retrosynthetic
analysis is exemplified by the improved synthesis of multiple medicinally
relevant scaffolds
Effect of freezing of milk samples on the cultural results
No full textPT: J; CR: BURROWS W, 1968, TXB MICROBIOLOGY CRUICKSHANK R, 1965, MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FROBISHER M, 1968, FUNDAMENTALS MICROBI KOWALSKI JJ, 1977, J AM VET MED ASSOC, V170, P1175 LEUDECKE LO, 1972, J DAIRY SCI, V55, P417 MERCHANT IA, 1967, VETERINARY BACTERIOL PELCZAR MJ, 1965, MICROBIOLOGY ROBERTS SJ, 1969, J AM VET MED ASS 1, V155, P157 WILSON GS, 1965, TOPLEY WILSONS PRINC; NR: 9; TC: 12; J9: ZBL VETERINARMED REIHE B; PG: 6; GA: GU359Source type: Electronic(1
Beer, Brats, Cheese, and-- Baseball: The History and Impact of Baseball in Wisconsin
No full textFrom the 1800s baseball became a passion for the citizens of the United States. Wars, recessions and scandals could not bring down what is known as "America's Pastime." However baseball and other professional sports have been getting a bad name since historians and economist have started to look at the correlation between the team and the community. The notion of, "build us a new stadium at the cost of the tax payers or we are taking our team elsewhere" has been a common trend since 1950's. By looking at Appleton and Milwaukee this paper will look at the impacts baseball has on these communities both culturally and economically from 1966 to 2012
A multidimensional evaluation of the relationship of tracking to student coursetaking opportunities within the English department at one urban high school
No full textThis research study investigated an English Department curricular system in an attempt to understand how the district tracking policies and procedures related to student coursetaking opportunities. Variables examined included student English achievement, postsecondary aspiration, and mobility or stratification.Five research questions guided this multidimensional research study. A qualitative methodology was used that combined historical analysis of school and department documents from 1970 to 1990 and interview protocol. This methodology permitted analysis of participants' perceptions of tracking, maintenance and use of tracking policies and procedures, coursetaking opportunities made available to students, and guidelines for course and track placement. A quantitative methodology was used to analyze 60 student transcripts from the classes of 1970 and 1990 samples, respectively, to determine English course achievement. A course hierarchy of grade level and track difficulty was developed to analyze student mobility or stratification by track beginning and end point."Two themes emerged reflecting the negative effect of tracking on regular track level students: district policy on weighted grades and inaccessibility of the honors track to regular track students. These themes were balanced by the school's addition of a regular tracked senior course, English 7-8 ""R,"" in 1990, and the encouragement of regular tracked students to take senior English. Policy-making implications on the use of a curricular tracking system included retaining the fourth year of English as a college preparatory course and reviewing the weighted grade policy for the lack of opportunity for mid-range students."Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:11:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Subsegmental Parsing: Floating Features in Chaha and Yawelmani
No full textFloating features, which link to existing segments, and ghost or latent segments,such as the Slavic yers, which manifest themselves as independent segments when theyappear (Clements & Keyser (1983), Hyman (1985), Kenstowicz & Rubach (1987),Archangeli (1991), Tranel (1993), Szpyra (1992), Rubach (1993)), are considered to bedistinct entities whose differences correlate with the presence or absence of a root node.The definitive version of this paper was published in Phonology at Santa Cruz, vol. 3.Zoll, C. (1994). Segmental parsing: floating features in Chaha and Yawelmani.In J. Merchant, J. Padgett, & R. Walker (Eds.), Phonology at Santa Cruz, Vol. 3. Santa Cruz, Calif.: Syntax Research Center, University of California, Santa Cruz
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