407 research outputs found
La collaboration entre praticiens et chercheurs
Get PDFEntretien avec Aurélie Valtat, Digital Strategist, Commission Européenne
Entretien conduit par Sandrine Roginsky, Professeure, Université catholique de Louvain
Aurélie Valtat est responsable de la communication digitale au Conseil de l’Union européenne, l’une des trois principales institutions de l’Union européenne. Elle est membre et ancienne présidente de l’IABC (International Association of Business Communicators). Titulaire d’un DEA en Sciences politiques, elle a essentiellement travaillé dans les organisations internationales, où elle s’est formée à la communication numérique
"Imagined publics" - Roundtable session
No full textHow do producers and designers of Internet services and contents conceive of their publics? Both media studies and Internet studies have highlighted how actual publics and audiences remain unpredictable, heterogeneous and often quite different from how they are imagined. Furthermore, traditional notions and theory-laden terms are frequently used by marketers, journalists and scholars to refer to Internet publics without specifying in what sense they are using them--e.g. communities, social networks, friends, fans, amateurs, customers. This roundtable focuses on potential discrepancies between Internet professionals’ representations of their publics (including their expectations and motivations) and what empirical studies reveal about them. It will also address the imaginaries mobilized in professionals’ representations of their users and their products’ usage. How are these imaginaries influencing design practices? To what extent do actual users correspond to targeted (imagined) publics? The initial speakers will provide some insights to these questions by drawing on empirical case studies that constitute a sample of a broader collective effort to be published in an upcoming special issue of the French-language journal Communication . These studies look at various imaginaries summoned by Internet devices such as "science 2.0", "brand community" or "political Web". Five speakers (including the two organizers) will ignite the discussion: Alexandre Coutant, co-chair (University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada); Guillaume Latzko-Toth, co-chair (Laval University, Canada); Florence Millerand (University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada); Sandrine Roginsky (Catholic University of Leuwen, Belgium) and Julia Velkovska (Orange Labs, France)
Les communicateurs de l'Europe à la recherche d'un dénominateur commun: la difficile fabrique de l'ethos professionnel à l'aune des dispositifs socionumériques
No full textLes institutions européennes offrent un cadre d’étude original et pertinent pour analyser les parcours des professionnels en communication. Au sein du Parlement européen comme de la Commission européenne cohabitent des professionnels aux modalités de carrière très différentes, pour lesquels la fonction de communication et le travail qui lui est attaché peuvent recouvrir des modes d’expression et de réalisation tout aussi différents. Ceci ne doit néanmoins pas faire oublier la construction d’un ethos commun « qui rend intelligible et acceptable l’activité du professionnel » en communication (Baillargeon et al. 2013, cité par Lépine, 2016). Celui-ci émerge autour notamment de l’usage des dispositifs numériques, comme les réseaux socionumériques, qui « accompagnent la redéfinition des professions et contribuent à l’institutionnalisation de savoir, de savoir-lire et de savoir-faire » (Grignon, 2015). Ces dispositifs deviennent ainsi des « équipements de l’expertise » (Trépos, 1996) qui s’insèrent et participent à des modalités de carrière spécifiques et permettent à des professionnels en communication en mal de reconnaissance (Roginsky, 2016) d’acquérir une nouvelle forme de légitimité. C’est là en effet un paradoxe et une spécificité des institutions européennes : alors que la rhétorique du déficit de communication de l’Union européenne fait recette (Aldrin, 2009) et tend ainsi à faire de la communication une priorité politique et institutionnelle, les professionnels en communication semblent néanmoins composer avec un statut de dominé (Hughes, 1996) au sein de ces institutions. D’ailleurs, les agences d’affaires publiques et de communication fleurissent à Bruxelles qui mettent en avant leurs propres professionnels supposés détenir une expertise faisant défaut aux communicateurs évoluant au sein des institutions. Ce qui nous amène à étudier le groupe des communicateurs de la « bulle européenne » (Georgakakis, 2011) non comme une « unité communautaire » qui partage « une même identité ou de[s] valeurs communes », mais comme une configuration liée aux « conflits d’intérêts et de changements » (Strauss, 1992). Les dispositifs numériques deviennent dans ce contexte des « objets frontières » qui traversent le groupe et les univers professionnels (Bergeron et al., 2013), en transportant avec eux des attendus et des normes, comme les indicateurs de performance (Lépine, 2013), qui ne sont pas sans conséquence sur les pratiques professionnelles et les formes d’hybridations professionnelles. C’est « un monde au travail » (Becker, 1988) que nous observons ici. Cette perspective nous conduit à privilégier un double cadre d’analyse, centré sur les mondes sociaux au sens de Strauss et sur les acteurs qui les composent tout en prenant en compte le rôle des objets dans une approche interactionnelle (Chiapello & Gilbert, 2013). Pour ce faire, le travail s’appuie sur une méthodologie triple : la participation observante (Soulé 2007), la conduite d’entretiens semi-directifs et l’analyse discursive de productions de communication
Parution: Communication & Langages
No full textValérie Jeanne-Perrier et Sandrine Roginsky viennent de coordonner le dossier « L’Europe sur les réseaux sociaux » dans Communication & Langages (n°183). Six articles permettent d’éclairer à la fois le renouvellement de la communication politique, l’évolution des modalités de la prise de parole politique et les transformations des pratiques à l’ère du numérique. De nouvelles formes d’écriture intègrent la communication politique au niveau européen. C’est ainsi que Patricia Dias da Silva étudi..
Social Networking Sites: an innovative communication on Europe?Analysis in the European Parliament, the European Commission and the European Council
No full textThe lack of EU legitimacy is often viewed as a communication deficit (De Vreese & al, 2006; Meyer, 1999). Meyer highlights the role of political communication in legitimating governance. This article proposes to assess whether new public and political communicative spaces are emerging in the European Union as a result of the use of Internet, and more specifically social networking-sites, by political actors and civil servants within European institutions. Digital social networks appear to offer its users a tool for expression which is both personalized and institutionalized, and therefore could fit perfectly in the communication apparatus of European institutions. Moss and Coleman consider three communicative characteristics of the blogs which all relate to impression management (Goffman, 1959): “politicians attempts to seem like ordinary people” (Moss & Coleman, 2008:9), they develop relationships with citizens which are live, spontaneous and direct, they are both “conversing with and listening to the public” (Moss & Coleman, 2008:9). All those three characteristics are today attributed to social media platforms by academics. Therefore there is an injunction for political actors, both in the European Commission and the European Parliament but also – to a lesser extent – in the European Council, to use web 2.0 tools in order to interact with citizens and allow a deliberative democracy to take place. Blumler and Coleman (2010:147) note that “with the emergence and evolution of the Internet, in its many shapes and guises, there has been a range of hopes and speculations about its redemptive potential”. At the European level, this belief is even stronger. Lilleker and Koc-Michalska (2011) emphasize the potential the Internet offers for legitimizing the European Parliament as a democratic institution2: “the European Commission and European Parliament are keen to reduce the democratic deficit which is at the heart of the critiques of politics at the European level”, and therefore they emphasize greater use of the Internet. What are the consequences for European policy makers and what is the impact on European political communication? The aim of this paper is to present the features of EU communication on social networking-sites, looking both at the “systemic (how communication supports legitimacy) and the organizational (how communication is managed) dimension of EU communication” (Valentini & Nesti, 2010:9). In order to identify, describe and analyze the main characteristics of EU digital communication, the article focuses on the three main European institutions (the European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Council). It investigates whether social networking-sites (SNS) makes it possible, or not, to overcome the communication deficit of the EU. The article shows that discourses on SNS lead to the blurring of politics and to a consensual form of communication. It highlights the fluctuation in the way the issuer is presenting him or herself, resulting in instability in the way the message is produced, especially in the European Commission. After focusing on civil servants and political actors in the European Commission and Council, the presentation turns to Members of the European Parliament (MEP) and investigates whether social networking-sites have an impact not only on political communication but also on political work in the European Parliament. The aim of the paper is to examine whether the European media ecology has been transformed by social networking-sites, in particular the EU media relations (i.e. interactions with journalists). The article concludes that social networking-sites do not fundamentally alter political work and political communication of European actors. The paper adopts a multi-disciplinary approach that encompasses theories from political science, linguistic, sociology and communication studies. This presentation chooses to focus on actors and practices. This approach justifies the proposed research methodology: participant observation, interviews and discursive analysis
Quelle prise en compte du genre dans la communication publique ? : Proposition d’analyse à partir de l’exploration des modalités de représentation des publics
Get PDFThrough the lens of gender, it is possible to explore professional practices in public communication. Indeed, the ways communicators inquire into, categorize and represent publics/ audiences when conducting communication campaigns are key to taking gender into consideration. As publics/audiences are constructed through management tools which isolate individuals from their social context and do not call on other types of skills in order to take social complexity into account when figuring out publics/audiences, gender is approached only from a technical point of view. Therefore gender is voided of its heuristic and critical contents and only used as a criterion for categorization without acknowledging the balance of power, and by implication, being able to single out gender stereotypes.Par le prisme du genre, il est possible d’explorer les pratiques professionnelles en communication publique. Ainsi les modalités d’exploration, d’appréhension et de représentation des publics par les communicateurs et communicatrices pour élaborer leurs actions de communication sont déterminantes dans la prise en compte du genre. Comme les publics sont figurés au moyen de techniques gestionnaires qui isolent l’individu de son contexte social et ne mobilisent pas d’autres types d’aptitudes pour appréhender la complexité sociale dans le travail de représentation des publics, la question de la prise en compte du genre dans la communication est abordée sous un angle essentiellement technique. Ce faisant, le genre est vidé de sa dimension heuristique mais également contestataire pour être mobilisé comme critère de catégorisation qui se substitue à la catégorie « femmes » sans prise en compte des rapports de force et, par ricochet, sans capacité d’identifier les stéréotypes de genre
Who are professional politicians talking to? The making of Members of the European Parliament’s audiences on Twitter and Facebook
No full textWHY AND HOW POLITICIANS USE SOCIAL MEDIA? UNDERSTANDING SENSEMAKING AND REPRESENTATIONS OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS. THE CASE OF “FACEBOOK” AND “TWITTER” IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
No full textThis presentation is intended to show (1) the richness and complexity of user practices in relation to social media (2) the contribution of an ethnographic approach to actors’ uses and practices toward a better understanding of the manner in which they understand and make sense of social media and (3) the contribution of triangulation to validate the observations.The research provides empirical insights into how politicians make sense of social media technology and the “imaginary world” (Mésangeau, Povéda, 2013) they create, emphasizing the importance of contexts and interactions. The field of the research is the European Parliament. The research includes a mix of participant observation within the European Parliament (2009-2012) and about 60 interviews with Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) and/or their staff (2010-2014). The analysis of the representations of social media by political actors does not limit itself to ethnography of situational practices and includes the analysis of published messages on social media platforms (Facebook and Twitter). Hine (2009) notes indeed that the ethnography of the internet should involve mobility between contexts of production and use as well as between online and offline.The research hopes to contribute to the knowledge of social media’s representations and imaginaries within the political realm, emphasizing why and how political actors use social media in everyday political life
Finance Watch, naissance d’une ONG au Parlement européen. Médiations des acteurs et porosité des mondes sociaux
No full textAprès avoir présenté les principales étapes de la naissance du projet d’ONG Finance Watch au sein du Parlement européen, nous nous intéressons au rôle des acteurs de médiation dans son processus de structuration. Nous terminons par l’analyse de la dimension discursive qui accompagne la création de l’ONG
Social network sites: an innovative form of political communication? A socio-technical approach to media innovation
Get PDFThis article’s objective is to explore the interrelations between social media technology and users in order to assess whether and how actors drive innovation. I am interested in understanding how social media technology configure users, how users reconfigure technologies to meet their needs and what users do with social media technology. The mainstream perspective on politicians who use social media has been based on the premise that social media technology is, by nature, an innovative tool and that politicians are not using it to its full potential. However I argue that technology is not innovative by nature and further that emerging practices are actually accompanying the use of social media by political actors but that those practices are related to the collaborative production of speech and rearrangement of editorial rules in political communication. Thus the bulk of the paper is devoted to showing that, through the use of social media technology, media and political communication are converging. The article builds upon examples from the use of social media technology by Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). I provide empirical insights into how Members of the European Parliament and their staff adapt to social media technology while using it in a creative way and how uses contribute to changes in the technology itself. This article is empirically grounded and aims at providing examples to highlight the role of actors in defining and developing innovation in the field of media technology. The argument of the paper is that innovation in media technology takes place at the level of practices. Yet new and old practices are interfering as more established practices meet social media technology, challenging the notion of newness and pointing out to the role and influence of the institutional context on innovation. This article finally outlines some of the existing claims made for the innovative potential of social media regarding politics and lays out a number of issues and questions that should lead us to be wary about celebratory accounts
- …
