479 research outputs found
Striatal Dopamine: The Cement of the Brain?
No full texthttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/177388/2/Movement Disorders - 2023 - Albin - Striatal Dopamine The Cement of the Brain.pdfPublished versionDescription of Movement Disorders - 2023 - Albin - Striatal Dopamine The Cement of the Brain.pdf : Published versio
Cholinergic systems, attentional-motor integration, and cognitive control in Parkinson's disease
No full textDysfunction and degeneration of CNS cholinergic systems is a significant component of multi-system pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD). We review the basic architecture of human CNS cholinergic systems and the tools available for studying changes in human cholinergic systems. Earlier post-mortem studies implicated abnormalities of basal forebrain corticopetal cholinergic (BFCC) and pedunculopontine-laterodorsal tegmental (PPN-LDT) cholinergic projections in cognitive deficits and gait-balance deficits, respectively. Recent application of imaging methods, particularly molecular imaging, allowed more sophisticated correlation of clinical features with regional cholinergic deficits. BFCC projection deficits correlate with general and domain specific cognitive deficits, particularly for attentional and executive functions. Detailed analyses suggest that cholinergic deficits within the salience and cingulo-opercular task control networks, including both neocortical, thalamic, and striatal nodes, are a significant component of cognitive deficits in non-demented PD subjects. Both BFCC and PPN-LDT cholinergic projection systems, and striatal cholinergic interneuron (SChI), abnormalities are implicated in PD gait-balance disorders. In the context of experimental studies, these results indicate that disrupted attentional functions of BFCC and PPN-LDT cholinergic systems underlie impaired gait-balance functions. SChI dysfunction likely impairs intra-striatal integration of attentional and motor information. Thalamic and entorhinal cortex cholinergic deficits may impair multi-sensory integration. Overt degeneration of CNS systems may be preceded by increased activity of cholinergic neurons compensating for nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficits. Subsequent dysfunction and degeneration of cholinergic systems unmasks and exacerbates functional deficits secondary to dopaminergic denervation. Research on CNS cholinergic systems dysfunctions in PD requires a systems-level approach to understanding PD pathophysiology.</p
Functional analysis of the effects of striatal metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation.
No full textExcitatory amino acids are important neurotransmitters in the basal ganglia. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are a major class of excitatory amino acid receptors. Eight mGluR subtypes have been cloned and have been classified into three groups based on their amino acid sequence homology, pharamacological profile and effector systems. The striatum has a high density of mGluR binding sites and several mGluR mRNAs and proteins are expressed by striatal neurons. This suggests that mGluRs may play an important role in striatal function. Supportive of this, unilateral striatal injection of a non-subtype selective mGluR agonist results in vigorous contralateral rotation in rats. This dissertation examines the role of mGluRs in basal ganglia function by examining the phenomenon of mGluR agonist-induced rotation in detail, examining the pharmacology and underlying neuroanatomical correlates of this behavior. Pharmacological studies suggest that mGluR agonist-induced rotation is mediated by group I mGluRs. Additionally, mGluR agonist-induced rotation can be modulated by other important basal ganglia neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine, adenosine and acetylcholine. Immediate early gene expression and cerebral glucose metabolism mapping studies suggest that activation of striatal mGluRs results in increased activity of the striatopallidal pathway, leading to disinhibition of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and increased activity in the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra. The STN hyperactivity is reminiscent of STN overactivity seen in Parkinson's disease, suggesting that group I mGluR antagonists may be useful for its symptomatic treatment. It is well documented in animal models of Parkinson's disease that chronic dopamine depletion leads to many changes in the striatum. Therefore, any changes in the effects of striatal mGluR activation on rotational behavior, immediate early gene expression and local cerebral glucose metabolism were examined under conditions of chronic dopamine denervation in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats. The effects of striatal group I and group II mGluR stimulation appear to be unchanged. However, there are changes in the effects of striatal group III mGluR stimulation. The studies presented in this dissertation support an important role for group I mGluRs in modulating striatal function under normal and pathological conditions and suggest that mGluRs may be useful targets for pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease.PhDBiological SciencesNeurosciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/130508/2/9732112.pd
50 ans d\u27histoire du livre
No full textEn 1958, Albin Michel publie L’Apparition du livre, dans la collection L’Évolution de l’humanité créée par Henri Berr. Cet ouvrage, rédigé par Lucien Febvre et Henri-Jean Martin, n’est pas le seul à traiter de la question de l’imprimerie, de la civilisation du livre, mais il innove dans sa tentative d’écrire et de penser une histoire sociale, politique et économique. Le sous-titre : « le livre, ce ferment » élargissait l’horizon et ne se limitait pas au livre « cette marchandise ».
La publication de L’Apparition du livre marque aussi l’arrivée d’un jeune bibliothécaire, Henri-Jean Martin, en poste à la Bibliothèque nationale : il n’a, à cette date, que 34 ans. L’ouvrage eut à ses débuts un écho commercial limité : il deviendra un ouvrage de référence, trois fois réédité ; et surtout, Henri-Jean Martin a poursuivi cette voie féconde de recherche pluridisciplinaire, propre aussi aux années 1970.
L’Enssib a organisé en 2008 un colloque pour le cinquantenaire de cette publication. Ce sont les textes retravaillés, donnés à cette occasion, dont nous proposons la lecture. Il n’est pas surprenant que nous retrouvions ici les grands noms de l’historiographie et de la pensée contemporaine, de Roger Chartier à Christian Jacob
William Mitchell Opinion - Volume 2, No. 1, April 1960
No full textSelected Table of Contents ABA President to Speak, Receive Honorary Degree at Commencement Library Dedication Set for May 4th Chief Justice Roger L. Dell Gives Pointers to Students President Andrew N. Johnson Active in Law School Since 1915 Fall of Jencks / Philip John Bloedel English Judicial Administration / Albin S. Pearson
Editorial Board
Seldon H. Caswell, Robert Schumacher, John G. Bell, John Moylanhttps://open.mitchellhamline.edu/the-opinion/1002/thumbnail.jp
Antagonistic pleiotropy, mutation accumulation, and human genetic disease
No full textThe antagonistic pleiotropy theory of senescence is the most convincing theoretical explanation of the existence of aging. As yet, no locus or allele has been identified in a wild population with the features predicted by the pleiotropic theory. Human genetic diseases offer the opportunity to identify potentially pleiotropic alleles/loci. Four human genetic diseases—Huntington's disease, idiopathic hemochromatosis, myotonic dystrophy, and Alzheimer's disease—may exhibit pleiotropic effects and further study of these diseases might result in the identification of pleiotropic genes causing aging. Inability to find an early life selective benefit associated with these disease-causing alleles would favor the major alternative genetic explanation for aging, the mutation accumulation theory.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42801/1/10709_2005_Article_BF01436004.pd
Complementary motivational roles of nigroaccumbens and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways
No full textPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147822/1/mds27504_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147822/2/mds27504.pd
Polyglutamine inclusion body toxicity
No full textPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141741/1/mds27226_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141741/2/mds27226.pd
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William Mitchell Opinion - Volume 2, No. 1, April 1960
No full textSelected Table of Contents ABA President to Speak, Receive Honorary Degree at Commencement Library Dedication Set for May 4th Chief Justice Roger L. Dell Gives Pointers to Students President Andrew N. Johnson Active in Law School Since 1915 Fall of Jencks / Philip John Bloedel English Judicial Administration / Albin S. Pearson
Editorial Board
Seldon H. Caswell, Robert Schumacher, John G. Bell, John Moylanhttps://open.mitchellhamline.edu/the-opinion/1002/thumbnail.jp
Sports Concussion and Category Mistakes
No full textPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/176270/1/ana26625_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/176270/2/ana26625.pd
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