1,720,962 research outputs found
Masculinity ideals and HIV prevention: an analysis of perceptions among male graduates of the Tavern Intervention Programme (TIP) in Gauteng
No full textIn many South African communities, socially constructed masculinity norms that promote unequal gender relations and high risk sexual behaviour are key contributing factors to HIV transmission. Following a qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews, this study engaged graduates of the Tavern Intervention Programme (TIP) in Gauteng to explore and describe their perceptions of traditional and modern masculinities, as well as their experience of the TIP. The findings indicated that, while there are differences between traditional and modern men, several masculinity practices, such as unequal gender relations, inconsistent use of condoms, infrequent accessing of HIV testing opportunities and entitlement to multiple partners endure as potential barriers to HIV prevention. Additionally, peer groups reinforce and reward HIV risk behaviour among modern men. Participants did, however, report changes in perceptions and behaviour regarding gender relations and HIV prevention as a result of their participation in the TIP. This study concluded that the role the TIP played in providing these men with an environment where alternative masculinity behaviour could be explored and supported was of particular value in terms of changes in their perceptions of masculinities, gender relations and HIV prevention.M. A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)Sociolog
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Investigating how stigma AIDS the spread of HIV infections among young women in Johannesburg and possible interventions to ameliorate the problem
Get PDFThis was a qualitative case study exploring and describing the role that stigma plays
in the spread of HIV among young women between the ages of 18 and 24.
The study locale was Johannesburg, South Africa. The social ecology model and radical
feminism were adopted as the conceptual framework for the study. Data were
collected through interviews with thirteen young women. This study intended to
explore and describe HIV-related stigma, as experienced by young women living with
HIV. The major findings of the study were that (a) all the participants were familiar with
the notion of stigma and held the view that it made many young women vulnerable to
infection; (b) stigma kept many people living with HIV (PLHIV) from accessing
prevention and destigmatisation intervention programmes, as well as healthcare
facilities and services; (c) there were currently very few HIV reduction and
destigmatisation intervention programmes in their communities; (d) intervention
programmes could be strengthened by involving PLHIV in the planning and execution
of such programmes, as well as utilising HIV positive experts and (e) extant stigma
prevention and destigmatisation programmes could be strengthened at family, clinics,
hospitals and community levels. It is concluded that the study has made an important
contribution towards closing the literature gap in the paucity of studies on the personal
lived experiences of PLHIV.In hierdie kwalitatiewe gevallestudie is die rol van stigma in die verspreiding van MIV
onder jong vroue tussen die ouderdom van 18 en 24 ondersoek en beskryf. Die studie
is in Johannesburg, Suid-Afrika onderneem. Die maatskaplike-ekologiemodel en
radikale feminisme het die konseptuele raamwerk daarvan gevorm. Data is ingesamel
deur onderhoude met dertien jong vroue te voer. Die oogmerk van die studie was om
die stigma van MIV wat kleef aan jong vroue wat met MIV leef, te verken. Die volgende
bevindings is gemaak: (a) al die deelnemers was vertroud met die idee van stigma.
Hulle was van mening dat dit tallose jong vroue vir infeksie kwesbaar maak; (b) die
stigma ontneem talle mense wat leef met MIV (MLMIV) van toegang tot nie alleen
voorkomings- en destigmatiseringsprogramme nie, maar ook van gesondheidsorg en
-dienste; (c) tans word weinig MIV-verminderings- en destigmatiseringsprogramme in
hulle gemeenskappe aangebied; (d) intervensieprogramme kan verbeter word deur
MLMIV by die beplanning en uitvoering daarvan te betrek; en (e) bestaande
stigmavoorkomings- en destigmatiseringsprogramme behoort in families, klinieke,
hospitale en gemeenskappe verskerp te word. Die slotsom is dat hierdie studie die
leemte aan literatuur oor die persoonlike, deurleefde ervarings van MLMIV aanvulOna e ne e le mokgwa wa ho etsa patlsisio moo ho ithutwang ka ketsahalo e boima
ka ho hlwaya dintho tse fapaneng tse amanang le yona, o fuputsang le ho hlalosa
karolo e bapalwang ke sekgobo phatlallong ya HIV basading ba dilemong tsa botjha
tse pakeng tsa tse 18 le 24. Phuputso e ne e etsetswa Johannesburg, Aforika Borwa.
Ho nkilwe dikamano tsa batho le dintho tse fapaneng tse amang maphelo a bona le
mohopolo o bontshang kgatello ya basadi e le moralo wa tshebetso. Datha e
bokelletswe ka ho inthaviuwa basadi ba leshome le metso e meraro ba dilemong tsa
botjha. Sepheo sa phuputso ena e ne e le ho ithuta le ho hlalosa sekgobo se amanang
le HIV, jwalo ka ha se etsahalla basadi ba dilemong tsa botjha ba phelang ka HIV.
Lesedi le fumanweng ka phuputso e ne e le hore (a)bankakarolo kaofela ba ne ba
tseba hore sekgobo ke eng, mme ba ne ba dumela hore se entse hore batho ba
bangata ba be kotsing ya ho tshwaetswa; (b) sekgobo se thibela batho ba bangata ba
phelang ka HIV (PLHIV) hore ba se kene mekgweng ya kalafo e thibelang tshwaetso
le ho tlosa sekgobo feela, empa le ho ya dibakeng tsa tlhokomelo ya bophelo le ho
fumantshwa ditshebeletso; (c) ha jwale ho fanwa ka mekgwa e menyane haholo ya
kalafo ya ho thusa ho fokotsa HIV le ho tlosa sekgobo baahing ba bona (d) mekgwa
ya kalafo e sebedisetswang ho ntlafatsa boemo e ka matlafatswa ka ho kenya PLHIV
tlhophisong le tshebedisong ya mekgwa eo, le ho matlafatswa ka ho sebedisa ditsebi
tse nang le HIV; le (e)mekgwa e ntseng e le teng ya ho thibela le ho tlosa sekgobo e
ka matlafatswa lelapeng, tleleniking, sepetlele le setjhabeng. Ho phethetswe ka hore
phuputso e bile le seabo sa bohlokwa dingolweng tse fokolang tsa diketshalo tsa nnete
tsa batho ba phelang ka PLHIV.M. A. (Sociology)SociologyIncludes summary in Afrikaans and Tswan
Exploring how internal saving and lending (ISAL) services assist households affected by HIV and AIDS to sustain livelihoods : case of households in a rural area of Zimbabwe
Get PDFThe study was an exploration of how internal savings and lending (ISAL) influenced the way in which persons affected by HIV and AIDS earned and spent income. The researcher engaged with the life stories of participants belonging to HIV and AIDS support groups that practised ISAL in rural Bikita district in Zimbabwe. The negative changes brought about by HIV and AIDS were found to influence the way participants generated and spent their income. The initial illness of family members reduced the participation in productive activities of the ill and family members providing care. Compounding effects included reduced attention to and increasing abandonment of productive activities, reduction in the scale of production, the use of inappropriate inputs, forced disposal of assets, increased household debts, reliance on social networks, and dependence on begging and piecework for income. The low productivity from activities meant that households generated less produce and income. This triggered changes in the prioritisation of spending, with healthcare and associated transportation needs superseding all, followed by spending on food. Expenses that were not prioritised during the period of illness included the purchase of improved agricultural inputs, spending on education and clothing and, in some cases, food purchases. In the findings, ISAL is associated with restoring past and starting up new productive and income-generating activities. Regular access to loans allowed storytellers to invest in activities that improved the levels and frequency of income that they earned. Loans were used to directly cover daily family needs, reducing reliance on risky coping mechanisms. Lump sum payments and bulk grocery purchases helped storytellers to invest and manage their cashflow. Overall, households that practised ISAL improved and increased their incomes and ability to spend on healthcare and satisfy other daily needs to levels similar to and better than those experienced before they had to cope with the effects of HIV and AIDS. Recommendations from the study include enabling persons testing HIV positive to access social protection, adapted agriculture technologies and financial education tailored to those affected by HIV and AIDS. Areas for potential further research include a quantitative and qualitative analysis of income and expenditure changes for persons affected by HIV and AIDS and the effects on children of dropping out and being re-enrolled at school.M.A. (Sociology) (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV and AIDS))1 online resource (ix, 153 pages)Sociolog
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
An investigation of the services provided by the Bhambayi Drop-in Centre in Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal for orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV and AIDS
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to investigate the services provided by the Bhambayi Drop-In Centre in Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal for orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs).
Qualitative research design and in-depth interviews with key informants and foster parents of the OVCs were conducted. The study found that the services which are provided by the Centre enabled the orphans and vulnerable children to enjoy life as normally as possible and to experience life meaningfully. As beneficiaries of the Bhambayi Drop-In Centre the children had access to education and two meals per day.
Beyond meeting such basic needs, the study also found that Centre instilled a sense of belonging and community in the children. Access to social grants enabled the children’s basic needs to be met. In addition foster parents played a crucial role in taking care of orphans and vulnerable children.M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)Health Studie
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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