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Cryptodacus bernardoi Rodriguez & Rodriguez, new species
No full textCryptodacus bernardoi Rodriguez & Rodriguez, new species Figs. 1, 2, 5 –8, 14, 15, 19, 22, 23, 28 –31, 38– 42 Diagnosis. Modified couplets to the latter are provided to include C. bernardoi. It differs from all other species of Cryptodacus in the strongly sinuous shapes of the apical section of vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein dm-m. It differs from all other species except C. obliquus Hendel in lacking brown markings on the face; from all other species except C. trinotatus by the form of the sublateral postsutural vitta on the scutum, which is almost complete, but interrupted anterior to the intra-alar seta; and from other species except C. tau (Foote) by the entirely yellow abdominal syntergite 1 + 2 (Figs. 22, 23). Other useful diagnostic characters include: gena (Figs. 5, 6,) entirely yellow; posterior side of head yellow except lateral occipital sclerite with elongate brown spot; scutellum with base brown, brown area extended to basal scutellar seta; wing (Fig. 19) cell dm with basal and apical hyaline areas, discal band covering posterior part of crossvein dm-m, middle of dm-m without brown border; abdominal tergites 3–4 with broad brown bands, that on tergite 5 sometimes narrowly divided into 3 parts; oviscape yellow (Figs. 1, 20); aculeus tip with large serrations (Figs. 28–30). Description. Length 4.8 –5.0 mm. Mesonotum length 1.5–1.7 mm. Wing length 3.2–3.5 mm, width 1.3–1.5 mm, length/width ratio: 2.3. Measurements made on holotype female and one paratype male. Head (Figs. 5–8): Mostly pale yellow. Ocellar tubercle brown. Orbital plate with irregular brown stripe. Frons with pair of large dark brown spots aligned with and including base of middle frontal seta. 3 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, well separated, distance between them 2.3–2.6 times distance from anterior seta to eye margin. Ocellar setae weak, 1.5 –2.0 times length of ocellar tubercle. Lunule entirely dark brown. Face entirely pale yellow, without brown spots; ventral margin strongly arched; gena and postgena entirely pale yellow. Posterior side of head entirely pale yellow except lateral occipital sclerite with elongate brown spot. Clypeus, prementum and palpus entirely yellow. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere dark yellow except moderate brown on apex, elongate, 4.5 –5.0 times as long as wide, apex flattened, in lateral view rounded. Arista short pubescent on distal half. Thorax (Figs. 14, 15): Mostly dark brown to black, with following whitish markings: postpronotal lobe and presutural lateral margin of scutum, connected to band on transverse suture; band on transverse suture (interrupted medially), extended across posterior part of notopleuron and posterior margin of anepisternum, almost reaching katepisternum; elongate spot on dorsal margin of katepisternum, not extending to katepisternal seta; single medial and paired sublateral postsutural vittae on scutum, medial vitta short, extended anteriorly almost to level of transverse suture, and posteriorly to midway between levels of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae, lateral vitta connected to band on transverse suture, extending almost to level of postalar seta but not reaching intra-alar seta; rectangular area posterior and lateral to intra-alar seta; and scutellum except base, brown part extending to and including base of basal scutellar seta. Scutum entirely microtrichose. Chaetotaxy normal for genus, postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 1 anepisternal, anepimeral, katepisternal, postsutural supra-alar, intra-alar, postalar, dorsocentral, acrostichal, and 2 scutellar setae well developed. Presutural supra-alar seta relatively small, half to two-thirds size of postsutural supra-alar seta. Dorsocentral seta aligned one-half to two-thirds distance from postsutural supra-alar seta to postalar seta. Legs mostly pale yellow, mid and hind coxae with small lateral brown areas, fore and mid tibiae pale brown, hind tibia dark brown, all tarsi pale brown. Wing (Fig. 19): With 4 bands: subbasal band, entirely brown, extended from cells bc and c to midlength of vein CuA+CuP, covering base of cell br, all of cells bm and bcu, and base of cell m 4 (except bordering fold); discal band, connected to subbasal band in cell c, curved posteriorly and extended to posterior wing margin distally in cell m 4, covering cell r 1 posterior to pterostigma, base of cell r 2 + 3, apex of cell br, crossvein r-m and posterior half of crossvein dm-m, dark brown anteriorly, from cell r 1 to middle of cell dm orange medially with broad, dark brown margins, posterior quarter paler brown; narrow, brown subapical band from distal part of cell r 1 to anterior end of crossvein dm-m, faint in cells r 1 and r 2 + 3; and narrow faint brown anterior apical band from distal part of cell r 2 + 3 to apex of vein M 1. Vein M 4 very narrowly bordered by brown between subbasal and discal bands. Cell dm with anterior apical corner hyaline. Crossvein r-m at 0.71 distance from bm-m to dm-m, entirely covered by dark brown distal margin of discal band. Crossvein dm-m and apical section of vein R 4 + 5 sinuous. Abdomen (female, Figs. 1, 22, male, Figs. 2, 23): Predominantly yellow, including all of syntergite 1 + 2. Tergite 3 with broad dark brown band. Tergite 4 and female tergite 5 with broad dark brown band or series of narrowly separated rectangular marks. Male tergite 5 laterally with paired ovoid brown marks, longer than wide, and medially with much smaller, inverted U-shaped brown mark or pair of brown spots. Female tergite 6 laterally with paired rectangular brown mark, medially usually with two small brown spots. Tergites with sparse black setulae. Female terminalia (Figs. 22, 28– 31): oviscape pale yellow, 0.89–0.92 mm long (n= 2). Aculeus (Fig. 28) 0.60 mm long, tip (Figs. 29, 30) 0.10 mm long, with apical 0.04 mm triangular and serrate, 0.05 mm wide, with 6–9 teeth on each side. Two spermathecae (Fig. 31) subcylindrical, with helical surface texture and elongate base. Male terminalia (Figs. 38–42): epandrium in lateral view wider than long, dorsally dark brown with black setulae, ventrally pale brown. Lateral surstylus in lateral view 3.5 times longer than wide, with glabrous, slightly curved elongated acute apex and distinct anteromedial lobe. Medial surstylus elongate two-thirds as long as lateral surstylus. Proctiger ovoid, entirely membranous, with sparse minute brown setulae. Distiphallus (Figs. 39, 41) moderately long and slender in ventral and lateral views, apex of internal tube bilobed. Type data. Holotype ♀ (IAvH), COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Anolaima, Vereda Santo Domingo, finca Villa Mariana [4.80171 °N 74.47542 °W], 1532 m, multilure trap, 3 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, A. L. Norrbom. Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Anolaima, Vereda Santo Domingo, finca Villa Mariana, 1532 m, multilure trap, 3 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, A. L. Norrbom, 1 ♂ (USNM); same locality, multilure trap, 21 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 2 ♀ (ICAMF 00000044); same, multilure trap, 28 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 2 ♀ (FSCA); same locality, reared from fruits of Phoradendron sp. near piperoides (Kunth) Trel., collected 13 Sep 2015, emerged 1 Oct 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (USNM). Guaduas, Vereda el Raisal, predio el Cajón km 39 vía Bogotá-Guaduas [5 º07’09”N 74 º 57 ’02”W], 1421 m, McPhail trap 18, 22 Aug 2014, E. Quiroga, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000045). Distribution. Cryptodacus bernardoi is known only from Colombia in Cundinamarca department in the municipios of Anolaima and Guaduas at middle altitudes on the west side of the eastern cordillera. Host plant. Three of the paratypes were reared from tiny fruits of Phoradendron sp. near piperoides (Kunth) Trel. (Figs. 43, 44), which was found parasitizing the upper part of a Psidium guajava L. shrub. This host plant is locally known by the common names “muérdago”, “matapalo”, “injerto” and “pajarito”. Phoradendron is variously classified in the Santalaceae or Viscaceae. The only previous host data for Cryptodacus was the single record of C. silvai Lima from fruit of “herva de passarinho” (Loranthus sp.) from southern Brazil (Lima 1947). The Loranthaceae, Santalaceae (and Viscaceae, when recognized as distinct from Santalaceae) belong to the order Santalales, many of which are parasitic plants. Etymology. This species is named for José Bernardo Rodríguez, father of the senior author. Comments. This species runs with difficulty in the keys of Norrbom (1994) and Norrbom & Korytkowski (2008). C. bernardoi may be most closely related to C. lopezi Norrbom, which has a similar aculeus, or it may belong to a clade along with that species and C. tau and trinotatus. The abdominal pattern is intermediate between those species, which have a distinct medial brown vitta or pair of vittae bordered by white or yellow sublateral areas on at least tergite 5 and female tergite 6, and the predominantly brown pattern in other species. In C. bernardoi the bands on tergites 4–5 in the male and 5–6 in the female may be interrupted. These four species also have the head mostly or entirely yellow posteriorly. The males were described only for C. bernardoi, C. obliquus, C. parkeri and C. tau.Published as part of Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Rodriguez, Erick J., Norrbom, Allen L. & Arévalo, Emilio, 2016, A new species and new records of Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru, pp. 276-290 in Zootaxa 4111 (3) on pages 277-279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/26487
Eremidrilus Fend & Rodriguez 2003
No full textGenus Eremidrilus Fend & Rodriguez, 2003 Diagnosis (from Fend & Rodriguez 2020): Small or medium-sized worms with a filiform proboscis. Body wall unpigmented and bearing secondary annuli. Posterior lateral blood vessels absent. Nephridia absent from preclitellar segments. Testes paired in both IX and X. One pair of ovaries in XI. One pair of elongate-cylindrical or club-shaped atria in X, each with one pair of functional vasa deferentia, serving funnels on 9/10 and 10/11. Male pores usually on broad, folded porophores posterior to ventral chaetae in X, on or slightly lateral to chaetal lines. Spermathecae paired in XI or in both XI and XII. Spermathecal pores posterior to chaetae, with transverse position ranging from ventral chaetal lines to lateral lines. Key to described Eremidrilus species 1 One pair of spermathecae only, in XI (Fig. 7 in present publication)............................................. 2 - Two pairs of spermathecae, in XI and XII (Fig. 11 in Fend & Rodriguez 2020).................................... 8 2 Spermathecal pores midlateral or distinctly lateral to ventral bundles of chaetae................................... 3 - Spermathecal pores in line with or slightly lateral to ventral bundles of chaetae.................................... 5 3 Spermathecal pores each in a deep cavity, associated with extensive musculature; may be everted to form a porophore. Male and spermathecal porophores more than 100 µm in diameter. Atrium club-shaped, length usually 2–3 times the porophore width, 2/3 body diameter. (Pacific Coastal drainages, Central California to southern Oregon.).................................................................................................. E. felini Fend & Rodriguez, 2003 - Spermathecal pores simple, not on porophores, in a shallow depression at most, at level of lateral line.................. 4 4 Atrium club-shaped, about 4 times longer than wide, and the length 2–3 times the porophore width; male porophore low and rounded (length <diameter). (Coast Range, central California.)..................... E. ritocsi Fend & Rodriguez, 2003 - Atrium cylindrical with very narrow diameter, about 8 times longer than wide, and the length 6 times the porophore width. Male pores open in long, protrusible porophores, narrowly conical when fully extended. (Northern Nevada to southwestern Idaho.)...................................................................................... E. owyhee n. sp. 5 Spermathecal pores surrounded by a ring of small glands, spermathecal duct short (0.1–0.2 body diameter) and ampulla elongate.Atrium length about half body diameter, male pores on dome-shaped porophores. Nephridia with prominent ectal vesicles. (Chalone Creek, central California.)..................................................... E. chalonensis n. sp. - Spermathecal pores not surrounded by glands.............................................................. 6 6 Spermathecal duct length about twice the diameter of the ampulla, or about equal to the body diameter, usually penetrating the posterior septum 11/12. Atria cylindrical, 4–8 times the male porophore width, length usually more than 2/3 the diameter of the body. (Coast Range, central California.)....................................... E. elegans Fend & Rodriguez, 2003 - Spermathecal duct shorter than the diameter of the ampulla, about 1/4 to 1/2 the diameter of the body, gradually narrowing towards the pore. Atria club-shaped and located entirely in X.................................................. 7 7 Body diameter at X 0.6–0.9 mm. Spermathecal pores slightly lateral to the ventral chaetal line, at most 1/2 the distance to the lateral line. Spermathecal duct to body diameter ratio: 0.2–0.5. Atrium length 4–6 times the porophore width; porophore large (width 60–100 µm). (Coyote Creek, Coast Range, central California.)................ E. coyote Fend & Rodriguez, 2003 - Body diameter at X 0.3–0.5 mm. Spermathecal pores close to the line of ventral chaetae. Spermathecal ducts short (ratio to body diameter 0.1–0.2). Atrium length 5–7 times the porophore width. Porophore small (24–45 µm wide). (Smith River, northern California.)............................................................................. E. pinedai n. sp. 8 Male pore opening on a small papilla, porophores inconspicuous or absent. Spermathecal pores close to posterior septum of the segment. (Eureka Creek, Montana)...................................... E. montanensis Fend & Rodriguez, 2020 - Male pores opening on distinct porophores................................................................. 9 9 Male pore opening on a small, conical papilla within a ring shaped, concave male porophore. Spermathecal pores very posterior in the segment. Atrium very long (2/3 the body diameter or more) and wide in ental part (ampulla diameter about 1/3 atrium length), with thick (up to 42 µm) atrial muscular layer, duct narrow and clearly distinct from the ampulla. (Idaho.)................................................................................ E. artzaini Fend & Rodriguez, 2020 - Atrium club-shaped, duct not clearly distinct from ampulla; atrial musculature <10 µm............................ 10 10 Atrium long (about the diameter of the body or even longer). Spermathecal pores mid-way between ventral bundles of chaetae and septum. (Tennessee, cave.)................................................. E. allegheniensis (Cook, 1971) - Atrium short (about half the diameter of body or less). At least the second pair of spermathecal pores in the segment XII, close to septum 12/13..................................................................................... 11 11 Broad male porophore, atrium length about 1/3 body diameter. Vasa deferentia open subapically to the atrial lumen. (Malad River drainage, Idaho.)................................................. E. humboldti Fend & Rodriguez, 2020 - Narrow, cylindrical male porophore. Atrium length about 1/2 body diameter. Vasa deferentia open to the atrial lumen about medially. (Gila River drainage, New Mexico.).................................... E. gilita Fend & Rodriguez, 2020Published as part of Rodriguez, Pilar & Fend, Steven V., 2022, New Nearctic Eremidrilus species (Clitellata: Lumbriculidae). Part 2, western species with one spermathecal segment, pp. 245-264 in Zootaxa 5159 (2) on pages 263-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/677713
Epipompilus namadgi Yuan & Rodriguez 2020, sp. nov.
No full textEpipompilus namadgi Yuan & Rodriguez, sp. nov. (Fig. 4) Type material. Holotype, ♂ (Fig. 4), pinned, with genitalia and genital plate in a separate vial, labelled “AUS: ACT, Namadgi National Park, near Naas Creek, -35.79629003, 148.91472, 1165m, Nov 29–Dec 4, Malaise, ACT Bush Blitz, Evangelista, Florez and Rodriguez col.”, “ ANIC Database No. 32_151567”. Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: coloration of protibia and partial tarsus brown, else black (Figs. 4A, 4B); genitalia with gonostylus and parapenial lobe slightly exceeding aedeagus; gonostylus slightly broader than parapenial lobe, loosely setose on the outer margin and with longer setae on the apex; parapenial lobe slender, bent at apex, inner apex higher than outer apex, setose in inner middle margin; digitus lower than aedeagus, broad, setose with slightly longer setae on apex, bent inward, stem without any setae; aedeagus constricted at base; subgenital plate elongate, concave in the middle and broad at base, long setae at apex and upper side of the plate, setae bent apically (Figs. 4C, 4D). Description. Body length 4.5 mm; fore wing 4 mm; maximum wing width 1.2 mm. Coloration. Integument black; body covered with white, minute pubescence; clypeus, mandible, scape, pedicel and flagellum black, one fifth of margin brown; wings transparent; wing veins dark brown; legs with protibia and tibial spur brown, protarsus slightly brown, else black. Head. Head wide, covered with white minute pubescence; TFD 1.1 × FD; MID 0.7 × FD; punctation conspicuous, small, shallow; front ocellus in obtuse angle; lateral ocelli closer to compound eyes than to each other; POL 1.3 × OOL; head apex protruding in between lateral ocelli; clypeus lower than frons, flat broaden on bottom and narrow on top with upper sutures meeting between antennae forming a triangle, WC 1.4 × LC; labrum partially exposed; flagellomeres roughly the same size, dorsal side flat and ventral side bulging at each of the articles; short, dense setae evenly distributed throughout the antenna. Mesosoma. Pronotum broad, trapezoid-shaped with short side protruding in the middle, elongated, visible dorsally, white minute setae covering dorsally, width 2.6 × length; lateral pronotum concave, covered and ridged with white setae; scutum broad, shape similar to pronotum rotated 180 degrees, covered with white minute setae and shallow punctation; notauli present, distance equal to the posterior of scutum and separating scutum into three segments; scutellum and metanotum upside down bell-shaped, lateral side concave and loosely covered with white setae; propodeum ridged, loosely covered with minute white setae, longer white setae antero-laterally; maximum wing length 2.91 × width, third submarginal cell about as long as the second submarginal cell, second recurrent vein meeting the third submarginal cell at half distance from base to apex; coxa enlarged, rounded at base, about two thirds as long as femur, protibial spur curved, tarsal claws bifid, metatibial spur heavily setose. Metasoma. Terga evenly covered with short white setae, sterna loosely covered with short white setae except first sternum. Genitalia. Gonostylus, parapenial lobe slightly exceeding aedeagus; gonostylus slightly broader than parapenial lobe, loosely setose on the outer margin and with longer setae on the apex; parapenial lobe slender, bent at apex, inner apex higher than outer apex, setose in the inner middle margin; digitus lower than aedeagus, broad, setose with slightly longer setae on the apex, bent inward, stem devoid of setae; aedeagus constricted at the base; subgenital plate elongate, concave in the middle and broad at base, long setae at apex and upper side of the plate, setae bent apically. Distribution. Australia: Australian Capital Territory. Etymology. The epithet, placed as a noun in apposition, comes from the National Park where the type specimen was collected.Published as part of Yuan, David & Rodriguez, Juanita, 2020, Three new species of Epipompilus Kohl (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae, Pepsinae) from Australia, pp. 575-584 in Zootaxa 4743 (4) on pages 578-580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/368953
SPIN SPLITTING OF THE CONDUCTION-BAND AND DEHAAS-VANALPHEN EFFECT IN HG1-XFEXSE
No full textde Haas–van Alphen oscillations in Hg1-xFexSe in a magnetic field B directed along the [111] direction exhibit a beating pattern in which every third beat is anomalous. A semiclassical magnetic breakdown model is shown to describe these data in a satisfactory way provided the interaction of the electron magnetic moment with B is a small perturbation compared to the inversion-asymmetry-induced spin-orbit interaction
Recent Results From the EU POF-PLUS Project: Multi-Gigabit Transmission Over 1 mm Core Diameter Plastic Optical Fibers
No full textRecent activity to achieve multi-gigabit transmission over 1 mm core diameter graded-index and step-index plastic optical fibers for distances up to 50 meters is reported in this paper. By employing a simple intensity-modulated direct-detection system with pulse amplitude or digital multi-tone modulation techniques, low-cost transceivers and easy to install large-core POFs, it is demonstrated that multi-gigabit transmission up to 10 Gbit/s over 1-mm core diameter POF infrastructure is feasible. The results presented in this paper were obtained in the EU FP7 POF-PLUS project, which focused on applications in different scenarios, such as in next-generation in-building residential networks and in datacom applications
Epipompilus mirabundus Yuan & Rodriguez 2020, sp. nov.
No full textEpipompilus mirabundus Yuan & Rodriguez, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Type material. Holotype, ♂ (Figs. 1, 2), pinned, with genitalia and genital plate in a separate vial, labelled “Tug- geranong, ACT (-35.4588023, 149.0913374), underpass of Tharwa Drive”, “ ANIC Database No. 32_151566”. Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: flagellum, profemur, protibia and protarsus brown (Figs. 1A, 1B, 1C); genitalia with gonostylus and parapenial lobe exceeding aedeagus by over one third; gonostylus slender, long, loosely setose with longer setae on the apex; parapenial lobe broad, long, invaginated and constricted at base, outer apex higher than inner apex; digitus about the same height as aedeagus, bent inward, constricted and slender at the base, rounded and short setae on outer margin; subgenital plate elongate, concave in the middle and broad at apex, long setae at apex, setae bent apically (Fig. 2). Description. Body length 5 mm; fore wing 4 mm; maximum wing width 1.5 mm. Coloration. Integument black; body covered with white, minute pubescence; clypeus and scape, pedicel black; mandible and remaining antennal articles brown; wings transparent; more than one half of the veins brown at base; legs with profemur, protibia and protarsus brown, otherwise black. Head. Head wide, covered with white minute pubescence; TFD 1.1 × FD; MID 0.7 × FD; punctation conspicuous, small, shallow; front ocellus in obtuse angle; lateral ocelli closer to compound eyes than to each other; POL 1.3 × OOL; head apex protruding in between lateral ocelli; clypeus lower than frons, flat broad, bilobed, WC 2 × LC; labrum partially exposed; flagellomeres roughly the same size, each article basally enlarged. Mesosoma. Pronotum broad, trapezoid, elongated, visible dorsally, with shallow punctation, width 2 × length; lateral pronotum concave; scutum broad, shape similar to pronotum rotated 180 degrees, with shallow punctation; notauli present, distance equal to the posterior of scutum and separating scutum into 3 sections; scutellum and metanotum square-shaped, lateral side concave, smooth and shining laterally, with shallow punctuation and pubescence covering the apex; propodeum smooth and shiny at base, remaining surface covered with pubescence, antero-laterally with longer setae; wing with maximum length 3 × width, third submarginal cell about as long as the second submarginal cell, second recurrent vein meeting third submarginal cell half distance from base to apex of cell; coxa enlarged, rounded at base, about two thirds as long as femur, protibia with short spines, protibial spur curved, tarsal claws bifid, metatibial spur heavily setose. Metasoma. Terga and sterna covered with short pubescence except first sternum, laterally smooth without any pubescence, terga largely covering sterna. Genitalia. Gonostylus and parapenial lobe exceeding aedeagus over one third; gonostylus slender, long, loosely setose with longer setae on the apex; parapenial lobe broad, long, invaginated and constricted at the base, outer apex higher than inner apex; digitus slender, about the same height as aedeagus, bend inward, constricted and slender at the base, short setae on the outer margin of the lobe; aedeagus broad in the middle, constricted at the apex; subgenital plate elongate, concave in the middle and broad at apex, long setae at apex and upper side of the plate, setae bent apically. Cocoon. Cocoon oval, silky and white. Distribution. Australia: Australian Capital Territory. Etymology. The epithet originates from the Latin mirabundus, which means astonishment, and is based on the unusual way the specimen was found in its larval stage developing and sharing a cell with a Sceliphron formosum larva. Remarks. The cocoon was found in the nest of Sceliphron formosum (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) (Figs. 1D, 3). A male adult was reared and emerged in the lab.Published as part of Yuan, David & Rodriguez, Juanita, 2020, Three new species of Epipompilus Kohl (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae, Pepsinae) from Australia, pp. 575-584 in Zootaxa 4743 (4) on pages 576-578, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/368953
Eremidrilus humboldti Fend & Rodriguez 2020, n. sp.
No full textEremidrilus humboldti n. sp. (Figures 3, 4, 11C)Holotype. USNM 1618760. Whole worm, incomplete (tail segments missing), with sperm in anterior spermathecae, and mature egg, slide-mounted in Canada balsam. Type Locality. USA, Idaho, Blaine Co., Corral Creek at Trail Creek, 1 Jun 2008 (Site 11, Table 1), coll. S. Fend. Paratypes. MNCN 16.03 /3111, from the type locality (Site 11), 1 Jun 2008, 1 whole-mount. USNM 1618762Trail Creek at Trail Creek Road (Site 10), 30 Jun 2000, DG, 1 dissected. USNM 1618761Site 10, 5 Sep 2004, DG, 1 whole-mount. USNM 1618763, Corral Creek1 km above Trail Creek (Site 12), 1 Jun 2016, PR and SF, 1 wholemount, DNA voucher (C. Erséus pers. com.)MNCN 16.03 /3112, Site 10, 5 Sep 2004, DG, 1 dissected. All slidemounted in Canada balsam. Other material. From the type locality (Site 11), SF, 1 Jun 2008, 1 whole-mount and 1 dissected. Site 10, 5 Sep 2004, DG, 1 mature and 3 immature whole mounts; 15 Apr 2002, SF, 6 partially-mature whole mounts. Site 12, 1 Jun 2016, PR and SF, 3 whole-mounted DNA vouchers; 26 Sep 2019, SF, 3 whole mounts, all unmated. Site 13, 26 Sep 2019, SF, 8 whole mounts and 5 whole-mounted DNA vouchers. All slide-mounted in Canada balsam. Collectors: DG = Daniel L. Gustafson, PR = Pilar Rodriguez, SF = Steven Fend. Etymology. Named for the great biologist and naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who emphasized the relationships between species diversity and their distribution, forming the basis of biogeography, and inspiring many generations of zoologists and botanists. Description. Length 12–26 mm; 54–74 segments; diameter in X 0.4–0.7 mm. Prostomium with proboscis, the latter 300–600 µm long, diameter about 80 µm at middle. Secondary segmentation well marked from IV–IX, weak in postclitellar segments (Fig. 3A). Chaetae moderately sigmoid, with nodulus slightly distal to midpoint (0.35–0.45 the distance from the tip); in anterior bundles 113–204 µm long, shorter in II, dorsals similar in length to ventrals; in mid body segments 120–216 µm long (Fig. 3B). Genital pores all on the longitudinal lines of ventral chaetae. Male pores on prominent dome-shaped porophores (26–84 µm high, 64–120 µm wide) in X, midway between chaetae and septum X/XI (Figs. 3D,E, 4A). Two pairs simple spermathecal pores in XI and XII; those in XI midway between chaetae and posterior septum; those in XII very close to posterior septum (12/13) (Fig. 3 C–E). Female pores on 11/12. Epidermis 9–24 µm thick in anterior segments, up to 40 µm in clitellum. Clitellum in X–XIII (XIV), not greatly thickened in most specimens. Pharyngeal glands in IV–VI (VII). First nephridium at 12/13 or 13/14; pores anterior to ventral chaetae, nephridial duct tubular at pore, without forming a vesicle.Sperm sacs extend anteriorly to VIII or VII, posteriorly to XIII–XIX; egg sacs extend 1–2 segments beyond. Male funnels on 9/10 and 10/11. Vasa deferentia 18–24 µm diameter, about 250–400 µm long; posterior vasa loop into XI; both vasa join the atrium near mid-length and enter the muscle layer, opening to atrial lumen near the (ental) apical end (Figs. 3 C–E, 4C). Atria short, 172–310 µm long, entirely in X, club-shaped, ampulla gradually narrows towards the pore, not clearly separated from the ectal duct; atrium length 0.3–0.5 times body width at segment X, and 2–3 times the porophore width (Fig. 4A,B). Maximum atrium diameter 38–69 µm; epithelial cells 5–10 µm thick; atrial muscle layer thin (3–6 µm); prostate glands 10–22 µm high, usually appearing as a continuous layer over most of the atrium, but in some specimens they can be seen as distinct clusters (Fig. 4C). No obvious glands at the ectal pore.Spermathecal ampullae oval or sac-like, the first pair about 150–700 µm long, the second pair similar or slightly smaller, 170–480 µm long, sometimes without sperm (Fig. 3D). Spermathecal ducts 40–85 µm long, 25–35 µm maximum diameter, tapered to the pore (Figs. 3 C–E; 4D–F); duct epithelium with columnar cells, usually with a gradual transition to the thinner epithelium of the ampulla (Figs. 3E, 4E).Remarks.Eremidrilus humboldtin. sp. resembles the Pacific Coastal E. ritocsi Fend & Rodriguez, 2003 in the size of the atrium relative to the body diameter, and the male porophore is also similar. However, E. ritocsi has only one spermathecal segment, and the spermathecal pores are near the lateral line. Spermathecal morphology also differs: ampullae are more globular in E. ritocsi, with a characteristic sperm arrangement, and ducts are longer and more tubular (Fend & Rodriguez 2003). As in other inland species described here, E. humboldtin. sp. has two spermathecal segments; spermathecae have short, tapered ducts, spermathecal pores are in line with ventral chaetal bundles, and the pores of the second pair are close to intersegment 12/13. It is distinguished from other species of the region by its small atrium (Table 2) and by the broadly rounded male porophore, with a simple pore (Fig. 4A).Published as part of Fend, Steven & Rodriguez, Pilar, 2020, New Eremidrilus species (Clitellata: Lumbriculidae) from western North America Part 1, species with two spermathecal segments, pp. 111-131 in Zootaxa 4809 (1) on pages 116-118, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/393398
¿Qué factores inciden en la hospitalización de pacientes con cálculos ureterales menores a 10 mm en Fundación Santa Fe?
No full textDebido a que el 12% de la población tendrá un cálculo en uréter hacia la mitad de su vida y a que las tasas de recurrencia en los que ya lo presentan son del 50% es necesario estudiar esta patología para aproximarse a un manejo adecuado en el servicio de urgencias. La literatura identifica un conjunto de factores que pueden contribuir a un cambio en el manejo médico.\ud
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores demográficos y clínicos asociados a manejo hospitalario en los pacientes con diagnóstico de cálculo ureteral menor de 10 mm.\ud
Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles no emparejados. Un caso fue definido como un paciente de 18 o más años con diagnóstico de urolitiasis con cálculo menor a 10 mm realizado por urotac que consultó (por primera vez para ese episodio) al servicio de urgencias de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá entre el 1 de marzo de 2007 y 30 de abril de 2012. Se indagaron factores como edad, sexo, tamaño y localización del cálculo, respuesta a los analgésicos, evidencia de obstrucción e infección urinaria, además de otros antecedentes medicamentosos y clínicos. Se utilizó regresión logística no condicional bivariada y multivariada para evaluar la asociación entre tipo de manejo (hospitalario o ambulatorio) y las variables recolectadas, calculando odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%).\ud
Resultados: El riesgo de hospitalización se incrementó con: 1. La localización del cálculo en tercio superior o medio (OR=1.49; IC95%: 0.751-2.966) al comparar con el inferior, 2. El aumento del tamaño del cálculo (OR=1.49; IC95%: 0.751-2.966, por cada milímetro de incremento), y 3: Por la evidencia de obstrucción o infección urinaria y elevación de azoados. Por el contrario, hubo menos riesgo de hospitalización en aquellos pacientes con una respuesta analgésica apropiada en urgencias.Lina Moró
Anastrepha coronis Rodriguez & Norrbom 2021, new species
No full textAnastrepha coronis Rodriguez & Norrbom, new species Figs. 3, 8, 20, 24, 33, 45–46 Diagnosis. In the key of Uramoto & Zucchi (1999) to the species of the punctata species group Anastrepha coronis runs to A. punctata Hendel or A. morvasi Uramoto & Zucchi. It also resembles A. quadripuncta Troya & Norrbom. It can be distinguished from A. punctata by its broader and serrate aculeus tip, seta color (orange to orange brown vs pale yellow to pale orange), connected S- and V-bands, and lack of brown markings on the abdominal tergites. It differs from A. morvasi in having fewer dorsobasal denticles on the eversible membrane, a longer aculeus (1.05–1.28 mm long vs. 0.79–0.86 mm in A. morvasi), and a shorter and more serrate aculeus tip (0.04–0.05 vs. 0.085 –0.095 mm; serrate part/tip length ratio 1.06–1.50 vs. 0.89–0.90 in A. morvasi). It differs from A. quadripuncta in having paler setae, the scutellum without a brown lateral mark between the basal and apical setae, shorter terminalia (oviscape 1.54–1.62 mm long, 0.51–0.59 times as long as mesonotum vs. 2.83–2.85 mm, 0.95–1.00 in A. quadripuncta), and shorter, narrower and more serrate aculeus tip. Description. Mostly yellow to orange. Setae orange to orange brown. Head: Yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. 3–4 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior seta well developed. Ocellar seta weak, at most 2 times longer than ocellar tubercle. Facial carina, in profile, slightly concave. Antenna not extended to ventral facial margin. Palpus in lateral view dorsally curved, evenly setulose. Thorax (Fig. 3): Mostly yellow to orange, scutum posteriorly with a pair of brown spots between dorsocentral and intra-alar lines; scuto-scutellar suture with or without medial transverse ovoid brown spot; with following areas white to pale yellow: postpronotal lobe and lateral margin of scutum bordering it; sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to posterior margin, including base of intra-alar seta; scutellum; dorsal margins of anepisternum and katepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite; medial scutal vitta indistinct or absent. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely pale yellow to orange. Mesonotum 2.70–3.01 mm long. Postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, scutum and scutellum apically entirely microtrichose; scutal setulae orange to orange brown. Chaetotaxy typical for genus. Katepisternal seta weak, yellowish, at most 0.62 times length of anepisternal seta, usually less than half as long. Legs: Entirely yellow to orange. Wing (Fig. 8): Length 7.21–7.59 mm, width 2.81–3.2 mm, ratio 2.34–2.57. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.54–0.59 wing length, proximal to level of anterior end of crossvein r-m. Cell c 0.96–1.15 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 4.19–5.00 times as long as wide. Vein R 2+3 slightly sinuous. Crossvein r-m at 0.67–0.69 distance from bm-m to dm-m on vein M 1. Vein M 1 relatively weakly curved apically; cell r 4+5 0.92–1.09 times as wide at apex as at level of dm-m. Cell cu a with distal lobe relatively large, length of cu a 1.35–1.54 times as long as anterior margin, lobe 0.70–0.89 times as long as vein CuA+CuP. Wing pattern mostly pale orange and pale brown. C-band mostly pale orange, cell c diffusely subhyaline subapically and posteriorly, pterostigma mostly moderate brown, distal margin in cells br, r 1 and r 2+3 narrowly pale brown; node of vein Rs with small dark brown spot. C-band and S-band broadly separated, hyaline area between them sometimes narrowed along vein R 2+3; basal hyaline area in cell dm relatively small, triangular. Basal half of S-band broad, mostly pale orange, posterodistal margin partly to mostly pale brown, more broadly in cell m 4 but brown area much narrower than orange part and not reaching apex of cell cu a, with or without weak incision in cell m 4; distal section narrowly brown on most of margins, broad at apex of vein R 2+3, with or without very narrow marginal hyaline band in cell r 2+3, not extended to apex of vein M 1; hyaline area proximal to apex of band extended to vein R 2+3. V-band with proximal arm relatively narrow, pale brown posteriorly, pale orange area bordering most of dm-m in cells dm and m 1 and in mostly or entirely in cell r 4+5; narrowly connected to S-band in cell r 2+3; distal arm slender, pale brown except anteriorly, near connected to proximal arm; hyaline area between arms of V band and vein M 1 relatively large, more than half width of cell r 4+5. Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings. Male terminalia (Figs. 45–46): Epandrium in lateral view shorter than high. Lateral surstylus in posterior view short and narrow posterolaterally projected, extended beyond prensisetae by 2.6–3.3 times length of prensiseta; in lateral view relatively short, apex broad and blunt and posteriorly curved. Proctiger with lateral and ventral sclerotized areas separated. Phallus 2.00– 2.20 mm long, 0.66–0.77 times as long as mesonotum; glans 0.40–0.45 mm long. Female terminalia (Figs. 20, 24, 33): Oviscape 1.54–1.62 mm long, 0.51–0.59 times as long as mesonotum, straight in lateral view; entirely orange; spiracle at basal 0.31–0.37. Eversible membrane (Fig. 20) with dorsobasal denticles in semi-ovoid pattern, with 15–20 relatively short and slender hooklike denticles in 4–5 irregular rows. Aculeus (Fig. 24) straight in lateral view, 1.05–1.28 mm long, 0.65–0.78 times oviscape length; in ventral view base distinctly but gradually expanded, 0.16–0.19 mm wide, shaft 0.07–0.08 mm wide at midlength; tip (Fig. 33) 0.04–0.05 mm long, 0.03–0.04 times aculeus length, 0.07 mm wide, 0.57–0.71 times as long as wide; in ventral view distal 0.05–0.06 mm gradually tapered, lateral margin convex, apically blunt, with very fine blunt serrations, serrated part 1.06–1.5 times length of tip; 0.02 mm wide in lateral view, 0.28 times ventral width. Spermathecae not examined. Distribution. Anastrepha coronis is known only from Colombia (Antioquia and Huila Departments, Central Cordillera and Colombian Massif between 1811–2276 m). Biology. The host plants and other aspects of the biology of this species are unknown. Type data. Holotype ♀ (MPUJ-ICAMF00000432) COLOMBIA: Antioquia: El Santuario, finca El Alto, 6.1302°N 75.2339°W, 2276m, McPhail trap 32, 24 Jul 2018. Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Antioquia: El Santuario, finca El Alto, 6.1302°N 75.2339°W, 2276m, McPhail trap 32, 17 Jun 2015, 1♂ (ICAT ICAMF00000429); same, 15 Jul 2015, 1♂ 1♀ (ICAT ICAMF00000430); same, 29 Jul 2015, 2♀ (ICAT ICAMF00000431); same, 2 Jul 2019, 1 ♂ 2♀ (ICAT ICAMF00000487). Huila: Palestina, predio El Rubí, 1.6864°N 76.1216°W, 1811m, McPhail trap 30, 4 Jun 2015, G. Trujillo, 1♀ (ICAT ICAMF00000433). Etymology. The name of this species is an adjective derived from the Latin coronam, meaning corona, in reference to the shape of the aculeus tip. Comments. This species is placed in the morvasi species group, which also includes A. morvasi from southeastern and southern Brazil, and A. quadripuncta from Ecuador (Troya et al. 2020), based on the following combination of characters: setae orange brown; scutum with pair of posterior brown marks; subscutellum without brown marks; C-band and S-band separated along vein R 4+5; S-band often with marginal hyaline marks; hyaline area present between V-band and vein M 1; vein M 1 weakly curved apically; and aculeus tip partially serrate.Published as part of Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander & Norrbom, Allen L., 2021, New species and new records of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, pp. 107-130 in Zootaxa 5004 (1) on pages 112-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/512037
Eremotylus pukayana Suarez & Alvarado 2020, sp. nov.
No full textEremotylus pukayana sp. nov. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the other Neotropical species by the following combination of features: (1) lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 0.3× maximum ocellar diameter (vs. continuous to the compound eyes), (2) mesopleuron dark brown or black (vs. orange-brown in E. tropicus and green in E. vitripennis), and (3) posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete (vs. present only laterally in E. tropicus). Material examined: Holotype ♀ “ PERÚ. LL. Otuzco 7°42’56.7”S / 78°45’52.68”W 2114m 15–25.iv.2019 T. Neyra” (MUSM). Paratype ♀ “ PERÚ: AR. Caylloma, Tapay, 15.59369°S / 71.94807° W 2300 m, 17. iii. 2018, trampa de luz, E. Olanda, H. Quispe, A. Aspur y S. Chambi ” (MUSM). 45+ flagellomeres (antennae broken) Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 12.6 mm. Head: Mandibles stout, long, weakly tapered and with upper tooth slightly longer; outer mandibular surface with a distinct proximal concavity; face coarsely punctate and weakly polished, 0.5× as long as wide; clypeus in frontal view 2.9× as broad as long, apically slightly protuberant and with margin thin; malar space 0.3× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus (Fig. B) separated from compound eye by about 0.4× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 0.5× maximum ocellar diameter; occipital carina complete, ventrally joining hypostomal carina at distance from base of mandible of 0.5× as long long as basal mandibular width; antenna with 50 flagellomeres, second to fourth flagellomeres: 2.2:1.9:1.8× as long as wide, central flagellomeres 1.1× as long as wide. Mesosoma: Notaulus distinct near anterior scutal margin; scutellum lateral longitudinal carinae 0.5× as long as scutellum length; mesopleuron coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, epicnemial carina present laterally, between epicnemial carina and pronotum striate; posterior transverse carina of mesosternum complete; metapleuron weakly convex and coarsely and sparsely punctate; propodeum with anterior transverse carina present (faint laterally), posterior transverse carina present and well define, longitudinal carinae only distinguishable behind posterior transverse carina; fore wing with cu-a proximal to the base of Rs & M by about 0.1× as its own length; hind wing with 7 hamuli on R 1, first abscisa of Rs strongly curved. Metasoma: Tergite II 4.4× as long as posteriorly deep; thyridia elliptical, separated from anterior margin by about 1.2×it is own length; tergite III 1.3× as long as posteriorly deep. Colour: Orange-brown species with frons, propleuron, mesopleuron (except for a transversal stripe and subalar prominence orange-brown), pronotum dorsally and laterodistally, scuto-scutellar groove, metanotum, metapleuron, propodeum laterally and distally, and metasomal tergites V–VIII dark brown; wings weakly infuscate with brown veins. Variation: The paratype (fore wing length 11.1 mm) presents some variation in the coloration in relation to the holotype, it differs in having the vertex, occiput, malar space (Fig. C), and propleuron dark brown (Fig. E); scuto-scutellar groove, mesopleuron (Fig. D), metapleuron, and propodeum blackish, and metasomal sternites V–VII (centrally and distally off-yellow) black. Male. Unknown. Comments. The specimens herein described was collected in two semi-arid localities (Fig. F shows the paratype collection site) in the western slopes of the Peruvian Andes, between 2100 and 2300 m. Both specimens were collected during the rainy season but in subsequent years. In Arequipa survey that included 16 localities ranging from sea level to 4300 m and dry and rainy seasons, 254 Ophioninae individuals were collected (200 Alophophion, 6 Enicospilus Stephens, and 47 Ophion Fabricius) with only one Eremotylus; suggesting that the species may be rare, with small populations and/or highly seasonal. Etymology. The species epithet “ pukayana ” is formed by two Quechua words puka, that means red, and yana, that means black, in relation to the color of the species. It is treated as a noun in apposition.Published as part of Suarez, Rodrigo & Alvarado, Mabel, 2020, A new species of Eremotylus Forster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Peru, with a key to the Neotropical species, pp. 397-400 in Zootaxa 4758 (2) on pages 398-399, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4758.2.13, http://zenodo.org/record/373440
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