1,720,988 research outputs found
Neurocognitive dynamics of emotion processing: conscious an unconscious mechanisms in depression
No full textThis research investigates the neurocognitive dynamics of emotion processing, emphasizing both conscious and unconscious mechanisms in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). The cognitive model of depression posits that individuals with MDD exhibit biases in processing negative emotional stimuli. It further posits that individuals with MDD exhibit biases in processing negative emotional stimuli, known as mood-congruent bias which is characterized by hyperactive and faster responses to sad facial expressions compared to happy ones. This dissertation explores whether this mood-congruent bias exist at an unconscious level through two primary investigations. Previous studies have shown inconclusive results when examining unconscious emotion processing with various stimulus presentation times. To determine the optimal unconscious presentation time, the first study used a backward mask task with durations of 8.3 ms, 16.7ms, and 25 ms. Healthy controls (HC, N = 40) rated emotional faces (sad, neutral, or happy) to measure both objective and subjective awareness. Task performance and decision-making parameters (i.e., drift rate) were estimated via hierarchical drift diffusion models (HDDM). A presentation time of 16.7 ms was found optimal for unconscious processing, allowing for emotion classification without conscious awareness (subjective awareness of 36% and detection rate of 36.8%, with high accuracy of 74.74%). Participants also showed decreased task performance during sad trials. These results align with previous findings that healthy participants identify happy stimuli more accurately than neutral or sad faces. In contrast, individuals with MDD process sad facial expressions faster than happy expressions, indicating emotional dysregulation and a mood-congruent bias that may sustain depressive symptoms. To determine if this bias exists unconsciously, the second study used the validated backward-masked priming task, presenting emotional faces (happy, sad, neutral) both consciously (150 ms) and unconsciously (16.7 ms) while measuring behavioral responses and brain activity via simultaneous EEG-fMRI. This study included 126 participants (HC: n =66, 37 women; MDD: n = 60, 31 women).The results indicated an emotion-dependent effect. Happy faces elicited a stronger event-related potentials (ERP) compared to neutral faces, irrespective of group or presentation time. However, MDD individuals exhibited biased emotion regulation abilities at both behavioral and neurophysiological levels. Face-sensitive event-related potentials (N170) showed heightened brain activity in regions associated with face recognition (fusiform gyrus) and emotion processing (amygdala). These findings are evident in both MDD and HC, with lower effect sizes in MDD suggesting reduced emotion recognition and processing abilities. These results support the hypothesis that depression involves an automatic attentional bias towards negative information, contributing to emotional dysregulation. In summary, this dissertation identified an optimal unconscious presentation time of 16.7 ms, providing a foundation for further investigations of unconscious processing. Additionally, this work underscores the role of automatic attentional biases towards negative information in the maintenance of depressive symptoms and provides a basis for developing targeted interventions
Die endokrine Modulation und neuronale Korrelate olfaktorischer und gustatorischer Stimulation
No full textFunctional neural processing of emotional chemosignals communicating aggression in humans
No full textFunctional neural processing of emotional chemosignals communicating aggression in humans
No full textResting state networks alteration in pantothenate-kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN)
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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